Proteomic differential display analysis for TS-1-resistant and -sensitive pancreatic cancer cells using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry.

TS-1 is an oral anticancer agent containing two biochemical modulators for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and tegafur (FT), a metabolically activated prodrug of 5-FU. TS-1 has been recognized as an effective anticancer drug using standard therapies for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer along with gemcitabine. However, a high level of inherent and acquired tumor resistance to TS-1 induces difficulty in the treatment. To identify proteins linked to the TS-1-resistance of pancreatic cancer, we profiled protein expression levels in samples of TS-1-resistant and -sensitive pancreatic cancer cell lines by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The cytotoxicity of a 5-FU/5-chloro-2,4-dihydroxypyridine (CDHP) combination towards pancreatic cancer cell lines was evaluated by MTS assay. Panc-1, BxPC-3, MiaPaCa-2 and PK59 showed high sensitivity to the 5-FU/CDHP combination (TS-1-sensitive), whereas PK45p and KLM-1 were much less sensitive (TS-1-resistant). Proteomic analysis showed that eleven spots, including T-complex protein 1 subunit beta, ribonuclease inhibitor, elongation factor 1-delta, peroxiredoxin-2 and superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn), appeared to be down-regulated, and 29 spots, including hypoxia up-regulated protein 1, lamin-A/C, endoplasmin, fascin and annexin A1, appeared to be up-regulated in TS-1-resistant cells compared with -sensitive cells. These results suggest that the identified proteins showing different expression between TS-1-sensitive and -resistant pancreatic cancer cells possibly relate to TS-1-sensitivity. These findings could be useful to overcome the TS-1-resistance of pancreatic cancer cells.