PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Our understanding of the early events in HIV-1 infection continues to grow, along with the heightened recognition of the important contribution that innate immunity plays in response to HIV-1. Here, we review the epidemiological and functional studies of genetic polymorphisms associated with innate immune factors that are believed to modulate host responses, focusing specifically on recent findings related to Toll-like receptor, cytokine, host restriction and KIR genes and their activities. RECENT FINDINGS: A growing number of genomic studies have described polymorphisms in innate immune genes that are associated with early postseroconversion events, including TLR4, TLR9, IRF-3, TRIM5α and the ABOBEC3 gene family. Genetic and functional data confirm the importance of KIR-HLA interactions and provide new understanding of the role of innate restriction factors in resistance to HIV-1 and disease progression. SUMMARY: Single-gene, genome-wide association and expression studies have permitted the identification of innate immune genes and their variants that contribute to protection from disease progression. Characterization of the pathogen-innate immune system interactions and discovery of new and rare host genetic variants that account for a portion of the observed variance in the HIV-1 phenotype is critical to gain new insights into promising treatment and prevention strategies.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Our understanding of the early events in HIV-1 infection continues to grow, along with the heightened recognition of the important contribution that innate immunity plays in response to HIV-1. Here, we review the epidemiological and functional studies of genetic polymorphisms associated with innate immune factors that are believed to modulate host responses, focusing specifically on recent findings related to Toll-like receptor, cytokine, host restriction and KIR genes and their activities. RECENT FINDINGS: A growing number of genomic studies have described polymorphisms in innate immune genes that are associated with early postseroconversion events, including TLR4, TLR9, IRF-3, TRIM5α and the ABOBEC3 gene family. Genetic and functional data confirm the importance of KIR-HLA interactions and provide new understanding of the role of innate restriction factors in resistance to HIV-1 and disease progression. SUMMARY: Single-gene, genome-wide association and expression studies have permitted the identification of innate immune genes and their variants that contribute to protection from disease progression. Characterization of the pathogen-innate immune system interactions and discovery of new and rare host genetic variants that account for a portion of the observed variance in the HIV-1 phenotype is critical to gain new insights into promising treatment and prevention strategies.
Authors: Barbara C Bachler; Michael Humbert; Brisa Palikuqi; Nagadenahalli B Siddappa; Samir K Lakhashe; Robert A Rasmussen; Ruth M Ruprecht Journal: J Virol Date: 2013-02-06 Impact factor: 5.103
Authors: Romel D Mackelprang; Mary Carrington; Katherine K Thomas; James P Hughes; Jared M Baeten; Anna Wald; Carey Farquhar; Kenneth Fife; Mary S Campbell; Saida Kapiga; Xiaojiang Gao; James I Mullins; Jairam R Lingappa Journal: J Virol Date: 2014-12-03 Impact factor: 5.103
Authors: Aida Sivro; Lyle R McKinnon; Hezhao Ji; Joshua Kimani; Walter Jaoko; Francis A Plummer; Ruey-Chyi Su; T Blake Ball Journal: PLoS One Date: 2013-06-14 Impact factor: 3.240