Nanopatterned self-assembled monolayers.

We report on the fabrication of chemically nanopatterned gold surfaces by combining electron-beam lithography with gas and liquid phase thiolization. The line-edge roughness of the patterns is ∼4 nm, corresponding to a limiting feature size in the range of 15 nm. Indications for a lower packing density of the self-assembled monolayers grown in the nanofeatures are given, and evidences for the bleeding of thiols along the grain boundaries of the gold substrate are displayed. A comparison is provided between nanopatterned thiol and silane monolayers on gold and on silicon wafers, respectively. The line-edge roughnesses are shown to be close to each other for these two systems, indicating that the limiting step is currently the lithography step, suggesting possible improvement of the resolution. The advantages and drawbacks of thiol versus silane monolayers are finally discussed with respect to the formation of chemically nanopatterned surfaces.