CONTEXT: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) is often ingested at a dose of 0.3 g/kg body mass (BM), but ingestion protocols are inconsistent in terms of using solution or capsules, ingestion period, combining NaHCO₃ with sodium citrate (Na₃C₆H₅O₇), and coingested food and fluid. PURPOSE: To quantify the effect of ingesting 0.3 g/kg NaHCO₃ on blood pH, [HCO₃-], and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms over the subsequent 3 hr using a range of ingestion protocols and, thus, to determine an optimal protocol. METHODS: In a crossover design, 13 physically active subjects undertook 8 NaHCO₃ experimental ingestion protocols and 1 placebo protocol. Capillary blood was taken every 30 min and analyzed for pH and [HCO₃-]. GI symptoms were quantified every 30 min via questionnaire. Statistics used were pairwise comparisons between protocols; differences were interpreted in relation to smallest worthwhile changes for each variable. A likelihood of >75% was a substantial change. RESULTS: [HCO₃-] and pH were substantially greater than in placebo for all other ingestion protocols at almost all time points. When NaHCO3 was coingested with food, the greatest [HCO₃-] (30.9 mmol/kg) and pH (7.49) and lowest incidence of GI symptoms were observed. The greatest incidence of GI side effects was observed 90 min after ingestion of 0.3 g/kg NaHCO₃ solution. CONCLUSIONS: The changes in pH and [HCO₃-] for the 8 NaHCO₃-ingestion protocols were similar, so an optimal protocol cannot be recommended. However, the results suggest that NaHCO₃ coingested with a high-carbohydrate meal should be taken 120-150 min before exercise to induce substantial blood alkalosis and reduce GI symptoms.
RCT Entities:
CONTEXT: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) is often ingested at a dose of 0.3 g/kg body mass (BM), but ingestion protocols are inconsistent in terms of using solution or capsules, ingestion period, combining NaHCO₃ with sodium citrate (Na₃C₆H₅O₇), and coingested food and fluid. PURPOSE: To quantify the effect of ingesting 0.3 g/kg NaHCO₃ on blood pH, [HCO₃-], and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms over the subsequent 3 hr using a range of ingestion protocols and, thus, to determine an optimal protocol. METHODS: In a crossover design, 13 physically active subjects undertook 8 NaHCO₃ experimental ingestion protocols and 1 placebo protocol. Capillary blood was taken every 30 min and analyzed for pH and [HCO₃-]. GI symptoms were quantified every 30 min via questionnaire. Statistics used were pairwise comparisons between protocols; differences were interpreted in relation to smallest worthwhile changes for each variable. A likelihood of >75% was a substantial change. RESULTS: [HCO₃-] and pH were substantially greater than in placebo for all other ingestion protocols at almost all time points. When NaHCO3 was coingested with food, the greatest [HCO₃-] (30.9 mmol/kg) and pH (7.49) and lowest incidence of GI symptoms were observed. The greatest incidence of GI side effects was observed 90 min after ingestion of 0.3 g/kg NaHCO₃ solution. CONCLUSIONS: The changes in pH and [HCO₃-] for the 8 NaHCO₃-ingestion protocols were similar, so an optimal protocol cannot be recommended. However, the results suggest that NaHCO₃ coingested with a high-carbohydrate meal should be taken 120-150 min before exercise to induce substantial blood alkalosis and reduce GI symptoms.
Authors: Luana Farias de Oliveira; Eimear Dolan; Paul A Swinton; Krzysztof Durkalec-Michalski; Guilherme G Artioli; Lars R McNaughton; Bryan Saunders Journal: Sports Med Date: 2021-10-23 Impact factor: 11.136
Authors: Michael E Percival; Brian J Martin; Jenna B Gillen; Lauren E Skelly; Martin J MacInnis; Alex E Green; Mark A Tarnopolsky; Martin J Gibala Journal: J Appl Physiol (1985) Date: 2015-09-17
Authors: Keely A Shaw; Gordon A Zello; Brian Bandy; Jongbum Ko; Leandy Bertrand; Philip D Chilibeck Journal: Nutrients Date: 2021-06-11 Impact factor: 5.717