Literature DB >> 21711229

"Legal highs" - new players in the old drama.

Jolanta B Zawilska1.   

Abstract

Recently, a new class of "designer drugs" has emerged on the drug use market, known as "legal highs" or "herbal highs". They include a wide range of products, from natural plant-originated substances to synthetic compounds, that can be purchased both online and from high street retailers. "Legal highs" mimic psychoactive effects of illicit drugs of abuse. However, they are claimed to consist of compounds that are legal to sell, possess and use. Based on the spectrum of their actions on the cognitive processes, mood, and behavior "legal highs" can be classified into three basic categories: amphetamine- and ecstasy-like psychostimulants, hallucinogens, and synthetic cannabinoids ("spice"). This review surveys the current state of knowledge regarding the pharmacological properties of "legal highs". It also addresses the negative consequences of using these products.

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Year:  2011        PMID: 21711229     DOI: 10.2174/1874473711104020122

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Curr Drug Abuse Rev        ISSN: 1874-4737


  13 in total

Review 1.  Here today, gone tomorrow…and back again? A review of herbal marijuana alternatives (K2, Spice), synthetic cathinones (bath salts), kratom, Salvia divinorum, methoxetamine, and piperazines.

Authors:  Christopher D Rosenbaum; Stephanie P Carreiro; Kavita M Babu
Journal:  J Med Toxicol       Date:  2012-03

Review 2.  Spice drugs are more than harmless herbal blends: a review of the pharmacology and toxicology of synthetic cannabinoids.

Authors:  Kathryn A Seely; Jeff Lapoint; Jeffery H Moran; Liana Fattore
Journal:  Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry       Date:  2012-04-26       Impact factor: 5.067

3.  Increases in synthetic cannabinoids-related harms: Results from a longitudinal web-based content analysis.

Authors:  Francois R Lamy; Raminta Daniulaityte; Ramzi W Nahhas; Monica J Barratt; Alan G Smith; Amit Sheth; Silvia S Martins; Edward W Boyer; Robert G Carlson
Journal:  Int J Drug Policy       Date:  2017-06-01

Review 4.  Spicing things up: synthetic cannabinoids.

Authors:  Max Spaderna; Peter H Addy; Deepak Cyril D'Souza
Journal:  Psychopharmacology (Berl)       Date:  2013-07-09       Impact factor: 4.530

5.  The effects of synthetic cannabinoids on executive function.

Authors:  K Cohen; M Kapitány-Fövény; Y Mama; M Arieli; P Rosca; Z Demetrovics; A Weinstein
Journal:  Psychopharmacology (Berl)       Date:  2017-02-03       Impact factor: 4.530

6.  [Near fatal intoxication with the novel psychoactive substance 25C-NBOMe].

Authors:  S Grautoff; J Kähler
Journal:  Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed       Date:  2014-04-27       Impact factor: 0.840

7.  'Legal high' associated Wallenberg syndrome.

Authors:  Alok Arora; Anil Kumar; Muhammad Naeem Raza
Journal:  BMJ Case Rep       Date:  2013-05-23

8.  Beyond THC: The New Generation of Cannabinoid Designer Drugs.

Authors:  Liana Fattore; Walter Fratta
Journal:  Front Behav Neurosci       Date:  2011-09-21       Impact factor: 3.558

9.  Methoxetamine (MXE)--a phenomenological study of experiences induced by a "legal high" from the internet.

Authors:  Anette Kjellgren; Kristoffer Jonsson
Journal:  J Psychoactive Drugs       Date:  2013 Jul-Aug

10.  Nausea-Induced Conditioned Gaping Reactions in Rats Produced by High-Dose Synthetic Cannabinoid, JWH-018.

Authors:  Marieka V DeVuono; Kelly M Hrelja; Gavin N Petrie; Cheryl L Limebeer; Erin M Rock; Matthew N Hill; Linda A Parker
Journal:  Cannabis Cannabinoid Res       Date:  2020-12-15
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