The effects of oligonucleotide overhangs on the surface hybridization in DNA films: an impedance study.

While oligonucleotide hybridization and effects of nucleobase mismatches have been the intense focus of a number of electrochemical studies, the effects of the target strand length on the electrochemical response of oligonucleotide films have not been addressed yet. In this report, we have studied the electrochemical impedance of the oligonucleotide films having overhangs on either the target or the surface bound capture strand. Each system gives different impedance responses, which were interpreted with the help of modified Randles' equivalent. Results indicate that comparable sizes of target and capture strands ensure the higher hybridization efficiency and film order. The presence of nucleobase overhangs at the bottom of the film causes lower changes in charge transfer resistance (ΔR(CT)) after hybridization due to lower hybridization efficiency and presumably non-uniformity in the film. Nucleobase overhangs at the top of the film result in higher ΔR(CT) due to higher film order and accumulation of negative charges but appear not to cause any steric congestion.