REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Surfactant protein D (SP-D), mainly synthesised by alveolar type II cells and nonciliated bronchiolar cells, is one important component of innate pulmonary immunity. In man, circulating concentrations of SP-D are routinely used as biomarkers for pulmonary injury. To date, serum SP-D levels have only been investigated in horses in an experimental model of bacterial airway infection. OBJECTIVES: To compare serum SP-D concentrations at rest and after exercise in horses with and without inflammatory airway disease (IAD). METHODS: Venous blood samples were collected from 42 Standardbred racehorses at rest and 60 min after performing a standardised treadmill exercise test. Tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected after exercise. Based on BALF cytology, 22 horses were defined as IAD-affected and 20 classified as controls. Serum SP-D concentrations were assessed using a commercially available ELISA kit and statistically compared between groups of horses and sampling times. RESULTS: Serum concentrations of SP-D in IAD-affected horses were significantly higher than those of control horses, both at rest and after exercise. Within the IAD-affected group, no significant correlation was found between serum SP-D concentrations and BALF cytology. Within each group of horses (IAD and control), no significant influence of exercise was found on serum SP-D levels. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study determining serum SP-D concentrations in a noninfectious, naturally occurring form of lower airway inflammation in horses. The results highlight that IAD is associated with a detectable, though moderate, increase of circulating SP-D levels. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Serum concentration of surfactant protein D could represent a potentially valuable and readily accessible blood biomarker of equine lower airway inflammation.
REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Surfactant protein D (SP-D), mainly synthesised by alveolar type II cells and nonciliated bronchiolar cells, is one important component of innate pulmonary immunity. In man, circulating concentrations of SP-D are routinely used as biomarkers for pulmonary injury. To date, serum SP-D levels have only been investigated in horses in an experimental model of bacterial airway infection. OBJECTIVES: To compare serum SP-D concentrations at rest and after exercise in horses with and without inflammatory airway disease (IAD). METHODS: Venous blood samples were collected from 42 Standardbred racehorses at rest and 60 min after performing a standardised treadmill exercise test. Tracheal wash and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected after exercise. Based on BALF cytology, 22 horses were defined as IAD-affected and 20 classified as controls. Serum SP-D concentrations were assessed using a commercially available ELISA kit and statistically compared between groups of horses and sampling times. RESULTS: Serum concentrations of SP-D in IAD-affected horses were significantly higher than those of control horses, both at rest and after exercise. Within the IAD-affected group, no significant correlation was found between serum SP-D concentrations and BALF cytology. Within each group of horses (IAD and control), no significant influence of exercise was found on serum SP-D levels. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study determining serum SP-D concentrations in a noninfectious, naturally occurring form of lower airway inflammation in horses. The results highlight that IAD is associated with a detectable, though moderate, increase of circulating SP-D levels. POTENTIAL RELEVANCE: Serum concentration of surfactant protein D could represent a potentially valuable and readily accessible blood biomarker of equine lower airway inflammation.