Sheree J Gibb1, David M Fergusson, L John Horwood. 1. Christchurch Health and Development Study, University of Otago, Christchurch School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Christchurch, New Zealand. sheree.gibb@otago.ac.nz
Abstract
AIMS: To examine the associations between working hours and alcohol-related problems during early adulthood. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal study of a birth cohort born in Christchurch, New Zealand in 1977 and studied to age 30. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1019 participants with data available for working hours and alcohol-related problems at either age 25 or 30. MEASUREMENTS: Weekly working hours in paid employment; frequent alcohol use; diagnosis of alcohol abuse/dependence; number of symptoms of alcohol abuse/dependence. Associations between working hours and alcohol-related problems were adjusted for covariates including measures of: parental and family background; personality and behaviour; IQ and educational achievement; recent negative life events; recent mental health problems; and current partner and family circumstances. FINDINGS: Longer work hours were associated significantly with more frequent alcohol use (P < 0.0001), higher rates of alcohol abuse/dependence (P = 0.0001) and a greater number of alcohol abuse/dependence symptoms (P = 0.01). These associations were adjusted for a wide range of confounding factors. After adjustment there remained significant (P < 0.05) associations between working hours and alcohol-related problems, with those working 50 or more hours per week having rates of alcohol-related problems 1.8-3.3 times higher than those who were not working. The associations between work hours and alcohol use were similar for males and females. CONCLUSIONS: Longer work hours appear to be associated with higher rates of alcohol-related problems, including more frequent alcohol use, higher rates of alcohol abuse/dependence and a greater number of alcohol abuse/dependence symptoms. These associations remain even after extensive adjustment for confounding.
AIMS: To examine the associations between working hours and alcohol-related problems during early adulthood. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal study of a birth cohort born in Christchurch, New Zealand in 1977 and studied to age 30. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1019 participants with data available for working hours and alcohol-related problems at either age 25 or 30. MEASUREMENTS: Weekly working hours in paid employment; frequent alcohol use; diagnosis of alcohol abuse/dependence; number of symptoms of alcohol abuse/dependence. Associations between working hours and alcohol-related problems were adjusted for covariates including measures of: parental and family background; personality and behaviour; IQ and educational achievement; recent negative life events; recent mental health problems; and current partner and family circumstances. FINDINGS: Longer work hours were associated significantly with more frequent alcohol use (P < 0.0001), higher rates of alcohol abuse/dependence (P = 0.0001) and a greater number of alcohol abuse/dependence symptoms (P = 0.01). These associations were adjusted for a wide range of confounding factors. After adjustment there remained significant (P < 0.05) associations between working hours and alcohol-related problems, with those working 50 or more hours per week having rates of alcohol-related problems 1.8-3.3 times higher than those who were not working. The associations between work hours and alcohol use were similar for males and females. CONCLUSIONS: Longer work hours appear to be associated with higher rates of alcohol-related problems, including more frequent alcohol use, higher rates of alcohol abuse/dependence and a greater number of alcohol abuse/dependence symptoms. These associations remain even after extensive adjustment for confounding.
Authors: Megan E Patrick; Isaac C Rhew; Melissa A Lewis; Devon A Abdallah; Mary E Larimer; John E Schulenberg; Christine M Lee Journal: Psychol Addict Behav Date: 2018-12
Authors: Melissa A Lewis; Jennifer M Cadigan; Jessica M Cronce; Jason R Kilmer; Brian Suffoletto; Theresa Walter; Christine M Lee Journal: Am J Health Behav Date: 2018-07-01
Authors: Marianna Virtanen; Markus Jokela; Solja T Nyberg; Ida E H Madsen; Tea Lallukka; Kirsi Ahola; Lars Alfredsson; G David Batty; Jakob B Bjorner; Marianne Borritz; Hermann Burr; Annalisa Casini; Els Clays; Dirk De Bacquer; Nico Dragano; Raimund Erbel; Jane E Ferrie; Eleonor I Fransson; Mark Hamer; Katriina Heikkilä; Karl-Heinz Jöckel; France Kittel; Anders Knutsson; Markku Koskenvuo; Karl-Heinz Ladwig; Thorsten Lunau; Martin L Nielsen; Maria Nordin; Tuula Oksanen; Jan H Pejtersen; Jaana Pentti; Reiner Rugulies; Paula Salo; Jürgen Schupp; Johannes Siegrist; Archana Singh-Manoux; Andrew Steptoe; Sakari B Suominen; Töres Theorell; Jussi Vahtera; Gert G Wagner; Peter J M Westerholm; Hugo Westerlund; Mika Kivimäki Journal: BMJ Date: 2015-01-13