CONTEXT: Food effects were defined as positive, when coadministration of food causes an increase in the extent of absorption (AUC(0-∞)) of a drug when compared with fasted state drug administration and no effect when coadministration of food causes no change in AUC(0-∞). In general, low solubility drugs exhibit positive food effects due to improved solubility in fed state administration. But, certain high-solubility and high-permeability drugs that undergo extensive presystemic metabolism exhibit positive food effects because of the increased splanchnic hepatic blood flow in the fed state presumably causing a fraction of drug to bypass first-pass metabolism during absorption. OBJECTIVE: In this study, systemic clearance (Cl) of structurally diverse high-permeability and high-solubility drugs was correlated to their food effects to explore whether drugs undergoing low clearance exhibited no food effects and drugs undergoing high clearance exhibited positive food effects. METHODS: Six drugs exhibiting positive food effects and nine drugs exhibiting no food effects (for comparison) were selected for linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Regression analysis of the selected drugs indicated that percent food effects correlated linearly to Cl and fitted the equation: percent food effects = 0.9163 × Cl - 6.4789. The R(2), p-value and power of the regression model were >0.88, 0.9999, respectively indicating the direct correlation between Cl and food effects of the selected model drugs; other statistical tests validated the model. CONCLUSION: The model indicated that high-solubility and high-permeability drugs undergoing Cl of more than 27 L/h may exhibit statistically significant positive food effects.
CONTEXT: Food effects were defined as positive, when coadministration of food causes an increase in the extent of absorption (AUC(0-∞)) of a drug when compared with fasted state drug administration and no effect when coadministration of food causes no change in AUC(0-∞). In general, low solubility drugs exhibit positive food effects due to improved solubility in fed state administration. But, certain high-solubility and high-permeability drugs that undergo extensive presystemic metabolism exhibit positive food effects because of the increased splanchnic hepatic blood flow in the fed state presumably causing a fraction of drug to bypass first-pass metabolism during absorption. OBJECTIVE: In this study, systemic clearance (Cl) of structurally diverse high-permeability and high-solubility drugs was correlated to their food effects to explore whether drugs undergoing low clearance exhibited no food effects and drugs undergoing high clearance exhibited positive food effects. METHODS: Six drugs exhibiting positive food effects and nine drugs exhibiting no food effects (for comparison) were selected for linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Regression analysis of the selected drugs indicated that percent food effects correlated linearly to Cl and fitted the equation: percent food effects = 0.9163 × Cl - 6.4789. The R(2), p-value and power of the regression model were >0.88, 0.9999, respectively indicating the direct correlation between Cl and food effects of the selected model drugs; other statistical tests validated the model. CONCLUSION: The model indicated that high-solubility and high-permeability drugs undergoing Cl of more than 27 L/h may exhibit statistically significant positive food effects.
Authors: Ronald de Vries; Johan W Smit; Peter Hellemans; James Jiao; Joseph Murphy; Donna Skee; Jan Snoeys; Juthamas Sukbuntherng; Maarten Vliegen; Loeckie de Zwart; Erik Mannaert; Jan de Jong Journal: Br J Clin Pharmacol Date: 2016-01-15 Impact factor: 4.335
Authors: Jan de Jong; Donna Skee; Joe Murphy; Juthamas Sukbuntherng; Peter Hellemans; Johan Smit; Ronald de Vries; Juhui James Jiao; Jan Snoeys; Erik Mannaert Journal: Pharmacol Res Perspect Date: 2015-06-24