Rab GTPases act in sequential steps to regulate phagolysosome formation.

During apoptosis, apoptotic cells are recognized and quickly engulfed by phagocytes. The internalized cell corpses are enclosed within membrane-bound vesicles called phagosomes. Cell corpse degradation depends on the phagosomes undergoing a maturation process, but regulation of phagosomal maturation is not well understood. Recently, we identified C. elegans Rab GTPase 14 as a novel regulator of apoptotic cell degradation. Loss of rab-14 function affects several steps of phagosome maturation, causing accumulation of persistent cell corpses. RAB-14 and UNC-108 (Rab GTPase 2) function redundantly to regulate phagosome maturation. Three Rabs, RAB-14, UNC-108/RAB2 and RAB-7, act cooperatively to control phagolysosome formation. RAB-14 and UNC-108 recruit lysosomes, while RAB-7 mediates fusion of lysosomes to phagosomes. Our data thus reveal the sequential action of Rab GTPases in regulating tethering, docking and fusion of lysosomes to phagosomes.