AIMS: While numerous studies have reported on nanoparticle uptake by phagocytic cells, the mechanisms of this uptake are poorly understood. A metastudy of research focusing on biological particulate matter has postulated that nanoparticles cannot be phagocytosed and therefore must enter cells via pinocytosis. The purpose of this study was to identify the route(s) of uptake of gold nanoparticles in vitro and to determine if these route(s) depend on particle size. MATERIALS & METHODS: The parent RAW264.7 cell line and its derivatives, transduced with a virus carrying siRNA to macrophage scavenger receptor A, were used as model phagocytes. Citrate-stabilized gold colloids were used as model nanoparticles. We used chemical inhibitors known to interfere with specific routes of particulate uptake. We developed multifocal light microscopy methods including multifocal stack analysis with NIH ImageJ software to analyze cell uptake. RESULTS: Irrespective of size, gold nanoparticles are internalized by macrophages via multiple routes, including both phagocytosis and pinocytosis. If either route was blocked, the particles entered cells via the other route. CONCLUSION: Gold nanoparticles with hydrodynamic sizes below 100 nm can be phagocytosed. Phagocytosis of anionic gold colloids by RAW264.7 cells is mediated by macrophage scavenger receptor A.
AIMS: While numerous studies have reported on nanoparticle uptake by phagocytic cells, the mechanisms of this uptake are poorly understood. A metastudy of research focusing on biological particulate matter has postulated that nanoparticles cannot be phagocytosed and therefore must enter cells via pinocytosis. The purpose of this study was to identify the route(s) of uptake of gold nanoparticles in vitro and to determine if these route(s) depend on particle size. MATERIALS & METHODS: The parent RAW264.7 cell line and its derivatives, transduced with a virus carrying siRNA to macrophage scavenger receptor A, were used as model phagocytes. Citrate-stabilized gold colloids were used as model nanoparticles. We used chemical inhibitors known to interfere with specific routes of particulate uptake. We developed multifocal light microscopy methods including multifocal stack analysis with NIH ImageJ software to analyze cell uptake. RESULTS: Irrespective of size, gold nanoparticles are internalized by macrophages via multiple routes, including both phagocytosis and pinocytosis. If either route was blocked, the particles entered cells via the other route. CONCLUSION: Gold nanoparticles with hydrodynamic sizes below 100 nm can be phagocytosed. Phagocytosis of anionic gold colloids by RAW264.7 cells is mediated by macrophage scavenger receptor A.
Authors: B C Braden; F A Goldbaum; B X Chen; A N Kirschner; S R Wilson; B F Erlanger Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2000-10-24 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Giulio F Paciotti; Lonnie Myer; David Weinreich; Dan Goia; Nicolae Pavel; Richard E McLaughlin; Lawrence Tamarkin Journal: Drug Deliv Date: 2004 May-Jun Impact factor: 6.419
Authors: Krishnendu Saha; Sung Tae Kim; Bo Yan; Oscar R Miranda; Felix S Alfonso; Denis Shlosman; Vincent M Rotello Journal: Small Date: 2012-09-13 Impact factor: 13.281
Authors: David M Stevens; Pavan Adiseshaiah; Siva S K Dasa; Tim M Potter; Sarah L Skoczen; Kelsie S Snapp; Edward Cedrone; Nimit Patel; Kathleen Busman-Sahay; Elias P Rosen; Craig Sykes; Mackenzie Cottrell; Marina A Dobrovolskaia; Jacob D Estes; Angela D M Kashuba; Stephan T Stern Journal: Mol Pharm Date: 2020-09-09 Impact factor: 4.939