AIM: Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction contributes to insulin resistance in diabetes and is characterized by reduced nitric oxide (NO) release, increased nitroxidative stress and enhanced inflammation. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of improved postprandial glucose control on EC function in insulin-resistant rats as compared to fasting glucose (FG) changes. METHODS: Obese Zucker rats were treated with 10 mg/kg/day saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, for 4 or 8 weeks and compared to lean rats. NO and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) release from aortic and glomerular ECs was measured ex vivo using amperometric approaches and correlated with FG, postprandial glucose, insulin, soluble CD40 (sCD40) and L-citrulline levels. RESULTS: Saxagliptin treatment improved NO production and reduced ONOO(-) release prior to any observed changes in FG levels. In untreated obese animals, NO release from aortic and glomerular ECs decreased by 22% and 31%, respectively, while ONOO(-) release increased by 26% and 40%. Saxagliptin increased aortic and glomerular NO release by 18% and 31%, respectively, with comparable reductions in ONOO(-) levels; the NO/ONOO(-) ratio, an indicator of NO synthase coupling, increased by >40%. Improved glycemic control was further associated with a reduction in sCD40 levels by more than ten-fold (from 300 ± 206 to 22 ± 22 pg/mL, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that enhanced glycemic control with DPP4 inhibition improved NO release and reduced inflammation in a manner not predicted by FG changes alone.
AIM: Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction contributes to insulin resistance in diabetes and is characterized by reduced nitric oxide (NO) release, increased nitroxidative stress and enhanced inflammation. The purpose of this study was to test the effect of improved postprandial glucose control on EC function in insulin-resistant rats as compared to fasting glucose (FG) changes. METHODS:Obese Zucker rats were treated with 10 mg/kg/day saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitor, for 4 or 8 weeks and compared to lean rats. NO and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) release from aortic and glomerular ECs was measured ex vivo using amperometric approaches and correlated with FG, postprandial glucose, insulin, soluble CD40 (sCD40) and L-citrulline levels. RESULTS:Saxagliptin treatment improved NO production and reduced ONOO(-) release prior to any observed changes in FG levels. In untreated obese animals, NO release from aortic and glomerular ECs decreased by 22% and 31%, respectively, while ONOO(-) release increased by 26% and 40%. Saxagliptin increased aortic and glomerular NO release by 18% and 31%, respectively, with comparable reductions in ONOO(-) levels; the NO/ONOO(-) ratio, an indicator of NO synthase coupling, increased by >40%. Improved glycemic control was further associated with a reduction in sCD40 levels by more than ten-fold (from 300 ± 206 to 22 ± 22 pg/mL, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that enhanced glycemic control with DPP4 inhibition improved NO release and reduced inflammation in a manner not predicted by FG changes alone.
Authors: Annayya R Aroor; James R Sowers; Shawn B Bender; Ravi Nistala; Mona Garro; Irina Mugerfeld; Melvin R Hayden; Megan S Johnson; Muhammad Salam; Adam Whaley-Connell; Vincent G Demarco Journal: Endocrinology Date: 2013-05-07 Impact factor: 4.736
Authors: Mustafa Cakirca; Cumali Karatoprak; Mehmet Zorlu; Muharrem Kiskac; Mustafa Kanat; Mehmet Ali Cikrikcioglu; Pinar Soysal; Mehmet Hursitoglu; Ahmet Adil Camli; Reha Erkoc; Muhammad Abdul-Ghani Journal: Drug Des Devel Ther Date: 2014-02-14 Impact factor: 4.162