OBJECTIVE: To call attention to the influence of the number of birth-cohorts used in cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) models on incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) under differential discounting. METHODS: The consequences of increasing the number of birth-cohorts are demonstrated using a CEA of cervical cancer prevention as an example. The cost-effectiveness of vaccinating 12-year-old girls against the human papillomavirus is estimated with the MISCAN microsimulation screening analysis model for 1, 10, 20, and 30 birth-cohorts. Costs and health effects are discounted with equal rates of 4% and alternatively with differential rates of 4% and 1.5% respectively. The effects of increasing the number of cohorts are shown by comparing the ICERs under equal and differential discounting. RESULTS: The ICER decreases as the number of cohorts increases under differential discounting, but not under equal discounting. CONCLUSIONS: The variation of ICERs with the number of cohorts under differential discounting prompts questions regarding the appropriate specification of CEA models and interpretation of their results. In particular, it raises concerns that arbitrary variation in study specification leads to arbitrary variation in results. Such variations could lead to erroneous policy decisions. These findings are relevant to CEA guidance authorities, CEA practitioners, and decision makers. Our results do not imply a problem with differential discounting per se, yet they highlight the need for practical guidance for its use.
OBJECTIVE: To call attention to the influence of the number of birth-cohorts used in cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) models on incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) under differential discounting. METHODS: The consequences of increasing the number of birth-cohorts are demonstrated using a CEA of cervical cancer prevention as an example. The cost-effectiveness of vaccinating 12-year-old girls against the human papillomavirus is estimated with the MISCAN microsimulation screening analysis model for 1, 10, 20, and 30 birth-cohorts. Costs and health effects are discounted with equal rates of 4% and alternatively with differential rates of 4% and 1.5% respectively. The effects of increasing the number of cohorts are shown by comparing the ICERs under equal and differential discounting. RESULTS: The ICER decreases as the number of cohorts increases under differential discounting, but not under equal discounting. CONCLUSIONS: The variation of ICERs with the number of cohorts under differential discounting prompts questions regarding the appropriate specification of CEA models and interpretation of their results. In particular, it raises concerns that arbitrary variation in study specification leads to arbitrary variation in results. Such variations could lead to erroneous policy decisions. These findings are relevant to CEA guidance authorities, CEA practitioners, and decision makers. Our results do not imply a problem with differential discounting per se, yet they highlight the need for practical guidance for its use.
Authors: James F O'Mahony; Joost van Rosmalen; Ann G Zauber; Marjolein van Ballegooijen Journal: Med Decis Making Date: 2012-08-27 Impact factor: 2.583
Authors: Bernhard Ultsch; Oliver Damm; Philippe Beutels; Joke Bilcke; Bernd Brüggenjürgen; Andreas Gerber-Grote; Wolfgang Greiner; Germaine Hanquet; Raymond Hutubessy; Mark Jit; Mirjam Knol; Rüdiger von Kries; Alexander Kuhlmann; Daniel Levy-Bruhl; Matthias Perleth; Maarten Postma; Heini Salo; Uwe Siebert; Jürgen Wasem; Ole Wichmann Journal: Pharmacoeconomics Date: 2016-03 Impact factor: 4.981
Authors: Hannah Christensen; Hareth Al-Janabi; Pierre Levy; Maarten J Postma; David E Bloom; Paolo Landa; Oliver Damm; David M Salisbury; Javier Diez-Domingo; Adrian K Towse; Paula K Lorgelly; Koonal K Shah; Karla Hernandez-Villafuerte; Vinny Smith; Linda Glennie; Claire Wright; Laura York; Raymond Farkouh Journal: Eur J Health Econ Date: 2019-11-21