Routine and emergency management guidelines for the dental patient with renal disease and kidney transplant. Part 1.

UNLABELLED: The number of kidney patients is increasing in all developed countries, mainly due to the increase in patients with type II diabetes. These patients may be asked by their renal physician to attend their general dental practitioner for an oral review prior to undergoing further renal treatment. Dental surgeons working in the primary care setting will be required to manage patients who are at various stages of renal support, whether pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), dialysis patients, and also those who have had a kidney or kidney and pancreas transplant. In addition, dental practitioners may be faced with having to deal with the emergency management of such patients attending their practices in acute pain. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This paper aims to provide the general dental practitioner with the necessary knowledge to manage renal patients, and outlines the guidance regarding the criteria for referral, work up procedure and dental management of such patients.