Carotid endarterectomy for treatment of in-stent restenosis.

In-stent restenosis (ISR) after carotid angioplasty and stenting is becoming evident as more patients undergo carotid stenting and duplex scan surveillance. While redo endovascular therapy has been immediately successful, recurrent stenosis remains a problem. The ideal management of ISR has not been determined. Three cases of symptomatic ISR that were successfully treated by standard carotid endarterectomy (CEA) with removal of the stent are reported herein. Current options for management of ISR are reviewed from the literature.