Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the athlete: new advances and understanding.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a brain-based behavioral disorder with heterogeneous expression affecting quality of life. Some affected individuals may not experience obvious impairment until after arrival at college. The incidence of ADHD may be increased among athletes who participate at the elite level. Neurotransmitters involved in ADHD also are involved in central fatigue, and fatigue research using medications used to treat ADHD suggests that endurance performance and thermoregulation are affected in ways that may put athletes taking these medications at risk. More information is needed on the effect on exercise of long-term administration of ADHD medication.