From the archives of the AFIP. Malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Malignant germ cell tumors are the most common malignant ovarian neoplasms in girls and young women. The most well known of these neoplasms are dysgerminoma, immature teratoma, endodermal sinus tumor, and a mixture of two or more of these elements. All malignant germ cell tumors, especially immature teratoma, can be associated with mature (benign) teratoma. These tumors are generally large and have a complex but predominantly solid appearance on cross-sectional images. Elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin levels can help establish the diagnosis. Cystic areas of calcifications suggestive of mature teratoma do not exclude a co-existing malignant neoplasm.