Primate preimplantation embryo is a target for relaxin during early pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether preimplantation embryos are targets for relaxin secreted from the corpus luteum of the menstrual cycle.
DESIGN: Rhesus monkey oocytes obtained from females undergoing controlled ovarian hyperstimulation were inseminated, and the resulting embryos were cultured in medium with or without recombinant human relaxin (20 ng/mL) for 8 days.
SETTING: Research laboratory. ANIMAL(S): Rhesus monkey. INTERVENTION(S): Controlled ovarian stimulation to obtain oocytes for in vitro-produced embryos that were cultured with or without human recombinant relaxin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Rate of blastocyst development, percentage of blastocysts, and inner cell mass/trophectoderm cell ratio were measured on day 8 of culture. The presence of relaxin receptor (RXFP1) messenger RNA in eight-cell embryos was observed by array hybridization. RESULT(S): RXFP1 receptor expression was localized to the inner cell mass of blastocysts, as shown by immunohistochemistry. The percentage of embryos that developed to blastocyst and the inner cell mass/trophectoderm cell ratio was unchanged with relaxin supplementation; however, the relaxin-treated embryos developed into blastocysts significantly sooner than untreated embryos. CONCLUSION(S): These results are the first evidence that the preimplantation primate embryo is a target for relaxin and that the addition of relaxin to in vitro culture medium enhances rhesus monkey embryo development.