Therapeutic efficacies of artemisinin-based combination therapies in Nigerian children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria during five years of adoption as first-line treatments.

The therapeutic efficacies of 3-day regimens of artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine during 5 years of adoption as first-line treatments were evaluated in 811 ≤ 12-year-old malarious children. Compared with artemether-lumefantrine, amodiaquine-artesunate significantly reduced the proportion of children with fever and parasitemia 1 day after treatment (day 1; P < 0.008 for both). The proportion of parasitemic children on day 2 and gametocytemia on presentation and carriage reduced significantly over the years (P < 0.000001 and P < 0.03, respectively; test for trend). Overall efficacy was 96.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 94.5-98.6) and remained unchanged over the years (P = 0.87; test for trend). Kinetics of parasitemias after treatments were estimated by a non-compartmental model. Declines of parasitemias were monoexponential, with a mean elimination half-life of 1.09 hours (95% CI = 1.0-1.16). Parasitemia half-lives and efficacy were similar for both regimens and in all ages. Artesunate-amodiaquine and artemether-lumefantrine remain efficacious treatments of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Nigerian children 5 years after adoption.