Kyphoplasty.

The advent of the use of kyphoplasty in 1998 was the result of the expected evolution of materials and methods related to the successful introduction of vertebroplasty as a valid treatment of painful vertebral compression fractures. Kyphoplasty introduced a method of creating bilateral bone voids and in many cases elevation (reduction) of depressed end plates with variable degrees of height restoration. This was achieved by using bilateral balloon bone tamps capable of pressures significantly higher than conventional angioplasty balloons. This allows creation of bilateral bone voids, resulting in the ability to apply a much thicker cement mixture. This is felt to be the reason for fewer cement-related complications compared with vertebroplasty including extravasation and embolization. Although the procedural cost presently is higher for kyphoplasty, this is expected to decrease as patents expire and industry competition increases. Kyphoplasty indications include all those of vertebroplasty plus additional ones either contraindicated or not recommended for treatment with vertebroplasty. Kyphoplasty achieves the same degree of pain relief as vertebroplasty but may offer additional benefits of fewer complications, more indications, better biopsy specimens, and potential for height restoration of compression fractures of the spine. Further studies regarding potential benefits are warranted to assess any added value of kyphoplasty compared with vertebroplasty.