Fluorescent angiography.

Fluorescent angiography is a simple and effective real-time tool for measurement of tissue perfusion both in and out of the operating room. It has multiple uses including: (1) identifying perforating vessels during flap planning; (2) locating primary and secondary angiosomes within a prepared flap; (3) as an aid in decision making for tissue debridement and flap creation; (4) intraoperative evaluation of microanastomoses; (5) postoperative flap monitoring, and (6) documentation of perfusion. The technology is easy to use in the hands of the operating surgeon and is safe for the patient, as it requires no radiation exposure.