Microporous organic polymers: design, synthesis, and function.

Microporous organic polymers (MOPs) can be defined as materials with pore sizes smaller on average than 2 nm which are comprised of light, non-metallic elements such as C, H, O, N, and B. We describe here the main classes of MOPs which are conveniently sub-divided into amorphous and crystalline groups. We present an overview of the synthesis of these materials, along with some general design criteria for producing MOPs with high surface areas and micropore volumes. The advantages and disadvantages of MOPs with respect to inorganic materials such as zeolites and hybrid materials such as metal organic frameworks are discussed throughout, particularly in terms of practical applications such as catalysis, separations, and gas storage. We also discuss future opportunities in this area as well as the potential to unearth "undiscovered" MOPs among the large number of rigid backbone polymers and networks reported in the literature.