[Ongoing debates on localized prostate cancer: epidemiology, screening and stratification].

Diagnosis and treatment of localized prostate cancer is debated within the urological community. While the incidence of the disease has increased significantly due to the screening, recent data from the literature showed that indiscriminate support led to a high risk of over-treatment and unnecessary morbidity. The development of new strategies for detection and diagnosis, based on the progress of biology (pro-PSA, urinary PCA3, genetic polymorphism) and imaging (diffusion MRI), helps to better characterize localized prostate cancers and to better adapt their support. At the 2010 AFU Congress, many studies aimed to better target patients at risk of cancer within the population and to better identify cancers with a high potential of evolution among the diagnosed cancers. This requires a better knowledge of risk factors (age, family history, black race, exposition to steroid hormones), the definition of finer criteria for targeted screening and a more accurate staging to make an appropriate therapeutic response.