Management of urolithiasis in patients after urinary diversions.

After urinary diversion patients are at increased risk of long-term complications, including stones of the upper urinary tract and reservoir or conduit. Advances in instrumentation and techniques have expanded treatment options, while minimizing morbidity. Minimally invasive treatment methods include shockwave lithotripsy, antegrade and retrograde ureteroscopic lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Percutaneous and laparoscopic techniques are applicable to stones within urinary diversions. Medical management is crucial for avoiding recurrent stones in these patients.