Anionic mechanisms of zinc uptake across the human red cell membrane.

1. Zinc is taken up into human red cells by two mechanisms that depend upon the presence of anions. One of these requires bicarbonate ions, is inhibited by 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (DIDS) and appears to be catalysed by the anion exchanger. The second occurs in the presence of thiocyanate or salicylate ions and may represent transport of a neutral complex with Zn2+. 2. The initial rate of Zn2+ uptake via the anion exchanger is 64 +/- 13 mumol (10(13) cells x h)-1 microM-1 external Zn2+, in the presence of 5 mM-bicarbonate at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C (+/- S.D.). This is about 1/250 of the corresponding rate of Pb2+ uptake by the anion exchanger. 3. The variation of transport with Zn2+ concentration, HCO3- concentration and pH suggests that the transported species may be ZnCO3Cl- or Zn(HCO3)Cl.OH-. 4. Zinc efflux could not be observed by either of the above routes. This observation suggests that the intracellular free Zn2+ concentration is below 3 nM.