Carotid and vertebral artery Doppler ultrasound waveforms: a pictorial review.

Carotid and vertebral artery spectral Doppler ultrasound waveforms can be affected by many types of local lesions, proximal cardiovascular disease, and devices, as well as distal cerebrovascular disease. Recognizing abnormal spectral Doppler ultrasound waveforms and their significance is important for proper management. Examples of normal and abnormal carotid and vertebral artery spectral Doppler ultrasound waveforms are reviewed and illustrated in this pictorial review.