Literature DB >> 21584017

Ethyl 3'-(2,4-dichloro-phen-yl)-5'-hydr-oxy-5'-methyl-4',5'-dihydro-spiro-[fluorene-9,2'(3'H)-furan]-4'-carboxyl-ate.

M Nizammohideen, S Thenmozhi, A Subbiahpandi, G Savitha, P T Perumal.   

Abstract

The furan ring and the five-membered fluorene unit in the title compound, C(26)H(22)Cl(2)O(4), adopt envelope conformations. Inter-molecular C-H⋯O inter-actions between symmetry-related mol-ecules involving two C-H groups and an O atom as a bifurcated acceptor generate centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded dimers with cyclic R(2) (2)(16) and R(2) (2)(8) ring motifs. A short C-H⋯Cl intramolecular contact occurs in the molecule.

Entities:  

Year:  2009        PMID: 21584017      PMCID: PMC2977674          DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809011854

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online        ISSN: 1600-5368


Related literature

For spiro compounds in pharmacologically active alkaloids, see: Cravotto et al. (2001 ▶). For the anticonvulsant activity of fluorene derivatives, see: Vanvakides et al. (2004 ▶). Fluorene derivatives, including polyfluorenes and oligofluorenes, are promising candidates for blue light-emitting materials in organic light-emitting devices (Muller et al., 2003 ▶), organic phototransistors (Saragi et al., 2004 ▶), non-linear optics (Kim et al., 1998 ▶) and photochromic materials (Chun et al., 2003 ▶). For the biological activity of furan derivatives and annulated furan derivatives and their use as precursors for the synthesis of natural products, see: Greve & Friedrichsen (2000 ▶). For hydrogen-bond motifs and ring puckering parameters, see: Bernstein et al. (1995 ▶); Cremer & Pople (1975 ▶); Nardelli (1983 ▶). For a related spiro-linked system, see: Feng et al. (2004 ▶).

Experimental

Crystal data

C26H22Cl2O4 M = 469.34 Monoclinic, a = 28.6811 (13) Å b = 9.0600 (4) Å c = 17.4074 (8) Å β = 92.072 (3)° V = 4520.4 (4) Å3 Z = 8 Mo Kα radiation μ = 0.32 mm−1 T = 293 K 0.25 × 0.20 × 0.20 mm

Data collection

Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD diffractometer Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker 2004 ▶) T min = 0.916, T max = 0.938 22504 measured reflections 5338 independent reflections 3663 reflections with I > 2σ(I) R int = 0.056

Refinement

R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)] = 0.048 wR(F 2) = 0.151 S = 1.04 5338 reflections 291 parameters H-atom parameters constrained Δρmax = 0.38 e Å−3 Δρmin = −0.35 e Å−3 Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2004 ▶); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2004 ▶); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▶); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008 ▶); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997 ▶); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and PLATON (Spek, 2009 ▶). Crystal structure: contains datablocks global, I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809011854/fl2242sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablocks I. DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809011854/fl2242Isup2.hkl Additional supplementary materials: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
C26H22Cl2O4F(000) = 1952
Mr = 469.34Dx = 1.379 Mg m3
Monoclinic, C2/cMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -C 2ycCell parameters from 7176 reflections
a = 28.6811 (13) Åθ = 2.5–25°
b = 9.0600 (4) ŵ = 0.32 mm1
c = 17.4074 (8) ÅT = 293 K
β = 92.072 (3)°Prismatic, yellow
V = 4520.4 (4) Å30.25 × 0.20 × 0.20 mm
Z = 8
Bruker Kappa APEXII CCD diffractometer5338 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube3663 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
graphiteRint = 0.056
ω and φ scansθmax = 27.8°, θmin = 1.4°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker 2004)h = −36→37
Tmin = 0.916, Tmax = 0.938k = −11→11
22504 measured reflectionsl = −21→22
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.048Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.151H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.04w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0729P)2 + 2.471P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
5338 reflections(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
291 parametersΔρmax = 0.38 e Å3
0 restraintsΔρmin = −0.35 e Å3
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Cl10.06337 (2)−0.03027 (7)0.10063 (4)0.0663 (2)
Cl20.00329 (2)0.39144 (8)−0.09056 (4)0.0652 (2)
O10.21156 (5)0.19309 (19)0.21266 (8)0.0476 (4)
O20.23543 (6)−0.03879 (18)0.17193 (10)0.0550 (4)
H20.2506−0.05620.21170.082*
O30.25673 (6)0.04006 (18)−0.01270 (10)0.0540 (4)
O40.18812 (5)−0.06733 (17)0.00380 (9)0.0455 (4)
C10.23639 (7)0.1143 (2)0.15672 (13)0.0411 (5)
C20.20777 (6)0.1382 (2)0.08249 (11)0.0331 (4)
H2A0.21350.23890.06450.040*
C30.15806 (6)0.1308 (2)0.10976 (11)0.0301 (4)
H30.15080.02670.11860.036*
C40.16289 (7)0.2080 (2)0.19036 (12)0.0349 (4)
C50.14777 (8)0.3679 (2)0.19083 (12)0.0401 (5)
C60.16812 (10)0.4898 (2)0.15801 (13)0.0536 (6)
H60.19630.48210.13360.064*
C70.14497 (14)0.6249 (3)0.16271 (16)0.0709 (9)
H70.15790.70850.14090.085*
C80.10342 (13)0.6362 (3)0.19909 (17)0.0722 (9)
H80.08830.72690.20050.087*
C90.08401 (11)0.5172 (3)0.23298 (16)0.0628 (7)
H90.05610.52630.25810.075*
C100.10643 (8)0.3822 (2)0.22951 (12)0.0438 (5)
C110.09519 (8)0.2392 (3)0.26364 (13)0.0442 (5)
C120.05912 (10)0.1956 (4)0.30938 (16)0.0650 (7)
H120.03500.26010.32010.078*
C130.05993 (12)0.0536 (4)0.33873 (18)0.0767 (9)
H130.03590.02230.36930.092*
C140.09547 (12)−0.0415 (3)0.32353 (16)0.0690 (8)
H140.0959−0.13490.34570.083*
C150.13054 (9)−0.0010 (3)0.27593 (14)0.0505 (6)
H150.1540−0.06720.26390.061*
C160.13012 (7)0.1400 (2)0.24653 (11)0.0378 (5)
C170.12017 (6)0.1925 (2)0.05700 (11)0.0300 (4)
C180.12700 (7)0.3165 (2)0.01180 (12)0.0369 (5)
H180.15640.35970.01250.044*
C190.09199 (8)0.3780 (2)−0.03393 (13)0.0431 (5)
H190.09780.4604−0.06400.052*
C200.04839 (7)0.3160 (2)−0.03454 (12)0.0405 (5)
C210.03967 (7)0.1925 (2)0.00810 (12)0.0413 (5)
H210.01010.15060.00740.050*
C220.07576 (7)0.1313 (2)0.05219 (12)0.0355 (4)
C230.28555 (8)0.1735 (3)0.15764 (15)0.0597 (7)
H23A0.30020.15680.20730.089*
H23B0.28480.27740.14710.089*
H23C0.30290.12390.11920.089*
C240.22049 (7)0.0327 (2)0.01982 (12)0.0356 (4)
C250.19678 (9)−0.1675 (3)−0.05956 (14)0.0541 (6)
H25A0.2275−0.2115−0.05310.065*
H25B0.1952−0.1145−0.10800.065*
C260.16055 (11)−0.2826 (3)−0.05889 (18)0.0685 (8)
H26A0.1637−0.3381−0.01200.103*
H26B0.1641−0.3474−0.10190.103*
H26C0.1303−0.2373−0.06230.103*
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Cl10.0460 (4)0.0596 (4)0.0915 (5)−0.0247 (3)−0.0215 (3)0.0354 (3)
Cl20.0504 (4)0.0691 (4)0.0743 (5)0.0082 (3)−0.0234 (3)0.0176 (3)
O10.0330 (8)0.0669 (10)0.0423 (9)−0.0021 (7)−0.0079 (7)−0.0085 (7)
O20.0522 (10)0.0538 (10)0.0579 (10)0.0060 (8)−0.0121 (8)0.0140 (8)
O30.0441 (10)0.0515 (10)0.0677 (11)−0.0063 (7)0.0194 (8)−0.0078 (8)
O40.0390 (8)0.0434 (8)0.0540 (9)−0.0071 (7)−0.0003 (7)−0.0137 (7)
C10.0308 (11)0.0483 (12)0.0439 (12)−0.0006 (9)−0.0042 (9)0.0008 (9)
C20.0267 (10)0.0317 (10)0.0406 (11)−0.0033 (7)−0.0025 (8)0.0009 (8)
C30.0268 (10)0.0263 (9)0.0368 (10)−0.0033 (7)−0.0030 (8)0.0011 (7)
C40.0318 (10)0.0345 (10)0.0381 (11)−0.0020 (8)−0.0041 (8)0.0015 (8)
C50.0517 (13)0.0346 (11)0.0333 (10)−0.0043 (9)−0.0074 (9)−0.0035 (8)
C60.0795 (18)0.0389 (12)0.0423 (13)−0.0168 (12)−0.0022 (12)−0.0051 (10)
C70.130 (3)0.0322 (13)0.0493 (15)−0.0157 (15)−0.0189 (17)0.0005 (11)
C80.110 (3)0.0433 (15)0.0613 (17)0.0191 (15)−0.0230 (18)−0.0063 (13)
C90.0715 (18)0.0554 (16)0.0603 (16)0.0205 (13)−0.0138 (14)−0.0078 (13)
C100.0489 (13)0.0430 (12)0.0387 (11)0.0062 (10)−0.0081 (10)−0.0037 (9)
C110.0400 (12)0.0532 (13)0.0392 (12)−0.0001 (10)−0.0028 (10)−0.0026 (10)
C120.0506 (15)0.085 (2)0.0606 (17)0.0010 (14)0.0145 (13)−0.0025 (15)
C130.071 (2)0.092 (2)0.069 (2)−0.0250 (18)0.0225 (16)0.0101 (17)
C140.089 (2)0.0612 (17)0.0574 (17)−0.0222 (16)0.0069 (16)0.0162 (13)
C150.0611 (16)0.0435 (13)0.0467 (13)−0.0029 (11)−0.0020 (12)0.0064 (10)
C160.0388 (11)0.0412 (11)0.0330 (10)−0.0042 (9)−0.0033 (9)0.0019 (8)
C170.0281 (9)0.0277 (9)0.0340 (10)−0.0013 (7)−0.0029 (8)−0.0039 (7)
C180.0336 (11)0.0337 (10)0.0430 (11)−0.0071 (8)−0.0048 (9)0.0018 (9)
C190.0471 (13)0.0347 (11)0.0469 (12)−0.0054 (9)−0.0079 (10)0.0077 (9)
C200.0370 (11)0.0400 (11)0.0434 (12)0.0052 (9)−0.0107 (9)−0.0004 (9)
C210.0309 (11)0.0431 (11)0.0493 (13)−0.0056 (9)−0.0070 (9)−0.0004 (10)
C220.0317 (10)0.0322 (10)0.0424 (11)−0.0061 (8)−0.0030 (9)0.0027 (8)
C230.0327 (12)0.0820 (18)0.0634 (16)−0.0086 (12)−0.0113 (11)−0.0038 (14)
C240.0340 (11)0.0305 (10)0.0419 (11)0.0004 (8)−0.0020 (9)0.0041 (8)
C250.0615 (16)0.0469 (13)0.0534 (14)0.0042 (12)−0.0065 (12)−0.0132 (11)
C260.078 (2)0.0479 (15)0.0779 (19)−0.0077 (13)−0.0150 (16)−0.0140 (13)
Cl1—C221.733 (2)C11—C161.386 (3)
Cl2—C201.732 (2)C11—C121.386 (3)
O1—C11.420 (3)C12—C131.384 (4)
O1—C41.442 (2)C12—H120.9300
O2—C11.412 (3)C13—C141.368 (4)
O2—H20.8200C13—H130.9300
O3—C241.203 (3)C14—C151.376 (4)
O4—C241.320 (2)C14—H140.9300
O4—C251.456 (3)C15—C161.376 (3)
C1—C231.508 (3)C15—H150.9300
C1—C21.521 (3)C17—C221.389 (3)
C2—C241.506 (3)C17—C181.389 (3)
C2—C31.520 (3)C18—C191.377 (3)
C2—H2A0.9800C18—H180.9300
C3—C171.505 (3)C19—C201.371 (3)
C3—C41.569 (3)C19—H190.9300
C3—H30.9800C20—C211.371 (3)
C4—C161.512 (3)C21—C221.382 (3)
C4—C51.512 (3)C21—H210.9300
C5—C61.383 (3)C22—Cl11.733 (2)
C5—C101.391 (3)C23—H23A0.9600
C6—C71.396 (4)C23—H23B0.9600
C6—H60.9300C23—H23C0.9600
C7—C81.373 (4)C25—C261.472 (4)
C7—H70.9300C25—H25A0.9700
C8—C91.358 (4)C25—H25B0.9700
C8—H80.9300C26—H26A0.9600
C9—C101.384 (3)C26—H26B0.9600
C9—H90.9300C26—H26C0.9600
C10—C111.466 (3)
C1—O1—C4111.55 (15)C14—C13—H13119.4
C1—O2—H2109.5C12—C13—H13119.4
C24—O4—C25116.72 (17)C13—C14—C15121.0 (3)
O2—C1—O1110.58 (18)C13—C14—H14119.5
O2—C1—C23111.83 (19)C15—C14—H14119.5
O1—C1—C23107.81 (18)C14—C15—C16118.4 (3)
O2—C1—C2106.62 (17)C14—C15—H15120.8
O1—C1—C2104.00 (16)C16—C15—H15120.8
C23—C1—C2115.72 (19)C15—C16—C11121.2 (2)
C24—C2—C3116.91 (16)C15—C16—C4128.4 (2)
C24—C2—C1112.78 (17)C11—C16—C4110.23 (18)
C3—C2—C1102.23 (16)C22—C17—C18115.87 (18)
C24—C2—H2A108.2C22—C17—C3121.93 (17)
C3—C2—H2A108.2C18—C17—C3122.18 (17)
C1—C2—H2A108.2C19—C18—C17122.68 (19)
C17—C3—C2117.24 (16)C19—C18—H18118.7
C17—C3—C4114.73 (15)C17—C18—H18118.7
C2—C3—C4101.89 (15)C20—C19—C18119.0 (2)
C17—C3—H3107.5C20—C19—H19120.5
C2—C3—H3107.5C18—C19—H19120.5
C4—C3—H3107.5C19—C20—C21120.98 (19)
O1—C4—C16113.98 (16)C19—C20—Cl2120.33 (17)
O1—C4—C5111.29 (16)C21—C20—Cl2118.68 (16)
C16—C4—C5101.64 (17)C20—C21—C22118.69 (19)
O1—C4—C3104.61 (15)C20—C21—H21120.7
C16—C4—C3111.10 (16)C22—C21—H21120.7
C5—C4—C3114.56 (16)C21—C22—C17122.71 (18)
C6—C5—C10120.4 (2)C21—C22—Cl1116.49 (15)
C6—C5—C4129.6 (2)C17—C22—Cl1120.78 (15)
C10—C5—C4109.98 (18)C21—C22—Cl1116.49 (15)
C5—C6—C7117.9 (3)C17—C22—Cl1120.78 (15)
C5—C6—H6121.1C1—C23—H23A109.5
C7—C6—H6121.1C1—C23—H23B109.5
C8—C7—C6121.0 (3)H23A—C23—H23B109.5
C8—C7—H7119.5C1—C23—H23C109.5
C6—C7—H7119.5H23A—C23—H23C109.5
C9—C8—C7121.2 (3)H23B—C23—H23C109.5
C9—C8—H8119.4O3—C24—O4123.5 (2)
C7—C8—H8119.4O3—C24—C2122.80 (19)
C8—C9—C10119.0 (3)O4—C24—C2113.70 (17)
C8—C9—H9120.5O4—C25—C26107.2 (2)
C10—C9—H9120.5O4—C25—H25A110.3
C9—C10—C5120.6 (2)C26—C25—H25A110.3
C9—C10—C11130.8 (2)O4—C25—H25B110.3
C5—C10—C11108.50 (19)C26—C25—H25B110.3
C16—C11—C12119.9 (2)H25A—C25—H25B108.5
C16—C11—C10108.35 (19)C25—C26—H26A109.5
C12—C11—C10131.6 (2)C25—C26—H26B109.5
C13—C12—C11118.3 (3)H26A—C26—H26B109.5
C13—C12—H12120.8C25—C26—H26C109.5
C11—C12—H12120.8H26A—C26—H26C109.5
C14—C13—C12121.1 (3)H26B—C26—H26C109.5
C4—O1—C1—O2−89.2 (2)C10—C11—C12—C13−174.5 (3)
C4—O1—C1—C23148.26 (19)C11—C12—C13—C140.4 (5)
C4—O1—C1—C224.9 (2)C12—C13—C14—C15−2.7 (5)
O2—C1—C2—C24−48.0 (2)C13—C14—C15—C162.7 (4)
O1—C1—C2—C24−164.86 (16)C14—C15—C16—C11−0.5 (3)
C23—C1—C2—C2477.1 (2)C14—C15—C16—C4−176.5 (2)
O2—C1—C2—C378.44 (19)C12—C11—C16—C15−1.9 (3)
O1—C1—C2—C3−38.47 (19)C10—C11—C16—C15175.3 (2)
C23—C1—C2—C3−156.49 (19)C12—C11—C16—C4174.9 (2)
C24—C2—C3—C17−73.5 (2)C10—C11—C16—C4−8.0 (2)
C1—C2—C3—C17162.79 (16)O1—C4—C16—C15−52.6 (3)
C24—C2—C3—C4160.35 (16)C5—C4—C16—C15−172.4 (2)
C1—C2—C3—C436.69 (18)C3—C4—C16—C1565.3 (3)
C1—O1—C4—C16120.28 (19)O1—C4—C16—C11131.00 (19)
C1—O1—C4—C5−125.50 (19)C5—C4—C16—C1111.2 (2)
C1—O1—C4—C3−1.3 (2)C3—C4—C16—C11−111.1 (2)
C17—C3—C4—O1−150.41 (16)C2—C3—C17—C22145.93 (19)
C2—C3—C4—O1−22.69 (18)C4—C3—C17—C22−94.6 (2)
C17—C3—C4—C1686.2 (2)C2—C3—C17—C18−35.9 (3)
C2—C3—C4—C16−146.11 (16)C4—C3—C17—C1883.6 (2)
C17—C3—C4—C5−28.3 (2)C22—C17—C18—C191.4 (3)
C2—C3—C4—C599.43 (19)C3—C17—C18—C19−176.88 (19)
O1—C4—C5—C649.6 (3)C17—C18—C19—C200.7 (3)
C16—C4—C5—C6171.4 (2)C18—C19—C20—C21−1.5 (3)
C3—C4—C5—C6−68.8 (3)C18—C19—C20—Cl2179.31 (17)
O1—C4—C5—C10−132.24 (18)C19—C20—C21—C220.2 (3)
C16—C4—C5—C10−10.5 (2)Cl2—C20—C21—C22179.34 (16)
C3—C4—C5—C10109.4 (2)C20—C21—C22—C172.1 (3)
C10—C5—C6—C7−2.3 (3)C20—C21—C22—Cl1−176.59 (17)
C4—C5—C6—C7175.7 (2)C20—C21—C22—Cl1−176.59 (17)
C5—C6—C7—C80.3 (4)C18—C17—C22—C21−2.8 (3)
C6—C7—C8—C91.4 (4)C3—C17—C22—C21175.45 (19)
C7—C8—C9—C10−0.9 (4)C18—C17—C22—Cl1175.82 (15)
C8—C9—C10—C5−1.1 (4)C3—C17—C22—Cl1−5.9 (3)
C8—C9—C10—C11176.4 (2)C18—C17—C22—Cl1175.82 (15)
C6—C5—C10—C92.7 (3)C3—C17—C22—Cl1−5.9 (3)
C4—C5—C10—C9−175.6 (2)C25—O4—C24—O3−3.3 (3)
C6—C5—C10—C11−175.3 (2)C25—O4—C24—C2176.29 (18)
C4—C5—C10—C116.4 (2)C3—C2—C24—O3170.8 (2)
C9—C10—C11—C16−176.7 (2)C1—C2—C24—O3−71.1 (3)
C5—C10—C11—C161.0 (2)C3—C2—C24—O4−8.7 (3)
C9—C10—C11—C12−0.1 (4)C1—C2—C24—O4109.3 (2)
C5—C10—C11—C12177.7 (3)C24—O4—C25—C26171.0 (2)
C16—C11—C12—C131.9 (4)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
C2—H2A···O3i0.982.373.331 (3)167
C6—H6···O3i0.932.553.393 (3)151
C3—H3···Cl10.982.573.082 (2)113
C26—H26C···Cg1ii0.962.953.556 (1)122
Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯AD—HH⋯ADAD—H⋯A
C2—H2A⋯O3i0.982.373.331 (3)167
C6—H6⋯O3i0.932.553.393 (3)151
C3—H3⋯Cl10.982.573.082 (2)113

Symmetry codes: (i) .

  6 in total

1.  A new photochromic tetrahydroindolizine.

Authors:  Li Feng; Zhi-Ming Li; Yong-Sheng Tan; Min-Qin Chen; Lin-Hong Weng; Feng-Gang Tao
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C       Date:  2004-06-12       Impact factor: 1.172

2.  A short history of SHELX.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr A       Date:  2007-12-21       Impact factor: 2.290

3.  Azomethine ylide cycloaddition/reductive heterocyclization approach to oxindole alkaloids: asymmetric synthesis of (-)-horsfiline.

Authors:  G Cravotto; G B Giovenzana; T Pilati; M Sisti; G Palmisano
Journal:  J Org Chem       Date:  2001-12-14       Impact factor: 4.354

4.  Multi-colour organic light-emitting displays by solution processing.

Authors:  C David Müller; Aurélie Falcou; Nina Reckefuss; Markus Rojahn; Valèrie Wiederhirn; Paula Rudati; Holger Frohne; Oskar Nuyken; Heinrich Becker; Klaus Meerholz
Journal:  Nature       Date:  2003-02-20       Impact factor: 49.962

5.  [Action mechanism of anticonvulsant and anti-immobility (forced swim) effects of 3', 4'-dihydro-N, N-dimethylspiro-[9H-fluorene-9, 2' (5'H) furane]-3'-methanamine (AE37F)].

Authors:  A Vamvakidès; K Antoniou; Z Daïfoti
Journal:  Ann Pharm Fr       Date:  2004-01

6.  Structure validation in chemical crystallography.

Authors:  Anthony L Spek
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr       Date:  2009-01-20
  6 in total

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