| Literature DB >> 21583225 |
Mehmet Akkurt, Zeliha Baktır, Milen G Bogdanov, Ivan V Svinyarov, Orhan Büyükgüngör.
Abstract
The title compound, C(16)H(14)O(6)S, was synthesized by the reaction of 6,7-dimethoxy-homophthalic anhydride with thio-phene-2-carbaldehyde in the presence of 4-(dimethyl-amino)pyridine (DMAP) as a basic catalyst. The thio-phene ring of the title mol-ecule is disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.877 (3) and 0.123 (3). The disorder corresponds to an approximate 180° rotation of the thio-phene ring with respect to the C-C bond linking it to the rest of the mol-ecule. The six-membered ring of the 3,4-dihydro-isochromanone ring system is not planar [puckering parameters Q(T) = 0.571 (2) Å, θ = 115.2 (2)° and ϕ = 99.1 (2)°]. The benzene ring of the 3,4-dihydro-isochromanone ring system makes dihedral angles of 75.0 (2) and 77.2 (5)° with the disordered thio-phene rings. Inter-molecular O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, as well as C-H⋯π inter-actions, lead to the observed supra-molecular structure.Entities:
Year: 2009 PMID: 21583225 PMCID: PMC2969835 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809018844
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online ISSN: 1600-5368
| C16H14O6S | |
| Triclinic, | |
| Hall symbol: -P 1 | Mo |
| Cell parameters from 16761 reflections | |
| θ = 2.6–28.0° | |
| µ = 0.24 mm−1 | |
| α = 76.441 (6)° | |
| β = 81.127 (6)° | Prism, colourless |
| γ = 72.958 (6)° | 0.53 × 0.41 × 0.21 mm |
| Stoe IPDS II diffractometer | 3229 independent reflections |
| Radiation source: sealed X-ray tube, 12 x 0.4 mm long-fine focus | 2663 reflections with |
| plane graphite | |
| Detector resolution: 6.67 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 26.5°, θmin = 2.6° |
| ω scans | |
| Absorption correction: integration ( | |
| 8329 measured reflections |
| Refinement on | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
| Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
| Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites | |
| H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement | |
| 3229 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
| 219 parameters | Δρmax = 0.27 e Å−3 |
| 13 restraints | Δρmin = −0.31 e Å−3 |
| Geometry. Bond distances, angles |
| Refinement. Refinement on |
| Occ. (<1) | |||||
| S1A | 0.17140 (13) | 0.63559 (11) | 0.85712 (7) | 0.0759 (3) | 0.877 (3) |
| O1 | 0.5188 (2) | 0.77377 (19) | 0.14713 (12) | 0.0557 (5) | |
| O2 | 0.38518 (19) | 0.54308 (18) | 0.12791 (12) | 0.0503 (5) | |
| O3 | 0.15691 (17) | 0.32562 (15) | 0.54690 (12) | 0.0445 (4) | |
| O4 | 0.13106 (15) | 0.53400 (15) | 0.63275 (10) | 0.0370 (4) | |
| O5 | 0.42866 (19) | 0.91589 (18) | 0.62175 (13) | 0.0515 (5) | |
| O6 | 0.22136 (17) | 1.01715 (16) | 0.50460 (13) | 0.0451 (4) | |
| C1 | 0.33543 (19) | 0.67769 (19) | 0.44799 (14) | 0.0304 (4) | |
| C2 | 0.4244 (2) | 0.7526 (2) | 0.35183 (16) | 0.0356 (5) | |
| C3 | 0.4377 (2) | 0.7065 (2) | 0.24602 (16) | 0.0384 (5) | |
| C4 | 0.3637 (2) | 0.5802 (2) | 0.23513 (15) | 0.0372 (5) | |
| C5 | 0.2797 (2) | 0.5039 (2) | 0.33076 (16) | 0.0359 (5) | |
| C6 | 0.26476 (19) | 0.55214 (19) | 0.43731 (15) | 0.0311 (5) | |
| C7 | 0.6107 (4) | 0.8880 (4) | 0.1547 (2) | 0.0869 (13) | |
| C8 | 0.3476 (3) | 0.3914 (3) | 0.12059 (19) | 0.0611 (8) | |
| C9 | 0.1816 (2) | 0.4620 (2) | 0.53946 (15) | 0.0330 (5) | |
| C10 | 0.1347 (2) | 0.7092 (2) | 0.61942 (15) | 0.0319 (5) | |
| C11 | 0.31183 (19) | 0.72133 (19) | 0.56665 (14) | 0.0305 (4) | |
| C12 | 0.3300 (2) | 0.8940 (2) | 0.56779 (15) | 0.0339 (5) | |
| C13 | 0.0822 (2) | 0.7555 (2) | 0.73510 (16) | 0.0385 (5) | |
| C14A | −0.0344 (8) | 0.8941 (8) | 0.7626 (6) | 0.0585 (17) | 0.877 (3) |
| C15 | −0.0506 (4) | 0.9063 (4) | 0.8781 (2) | 0.0802 (8) | |
| C16 | 0.0534 (4) | 0.7747 (4) | 0.9384 (2) | 0.0802 (8) | |
| S1B | −0.0621 (16) | 0.9313 (15) | 0.7433 (10) | 0.058 (3) | 0.123 (3) |
| C14B | 0.144 (3) | 0.692 (3) | 0.8422 (15) | 0.0802 (8) | 0.123 (3) |
| H5 | 0.23240 | 0.41970 | 0.32480 | 0.0430* | |
| H6 | 0.227 (3) | 1.112 (3) | 0.516 (2) | 0.064 (7)* | |
| H7A | 0.69670 | 0.83190 | 0.20660 | 0.1050* | |
| H7B | 0.53550 | 0.98290 | 0.18340 | 0.1050* | |
| H7C | 0.66180 | 0.92640 | 0.07920 | 0.1050* | |
| H8A | 0.23190 | 0.39800 | 0.14800 | 0.0730* | |
| H2 | 0.47510 | 0.83390 | 0.35870 | 0.0430* | |
| H8C | 0.36690 | 0.37790 | 0.04140 | 0.0730* | |
| H10 | 0.05270 | 0.78130 | 0.56540 | 0.0380* | |
| H11 | 0.39450 | 0.63610 | 0.61480 | 0.0370* | |
| H14A | −0.09870 | 0.97510 | 0.70800 | 0.0700* | 0.877 (3) |
| H15 | −0.12440 | 0.99480 | 0.90910 | 0.0960* | |
| H16 | 0.06060 | 0.76040 | 1.01750 | 0.0960* | |
| H8B | 0.41900 | 0.29650 | 0.16740 | 0.0730* | |
| H14B | 0.23880 | 0.60080 | 0.85330 | 0.0960* | 0.123 (3) |
| S1A | 0.0947 (6) | 0.0739 (6) | 0.0417 (4) | 0.0110 (4) | −0.0144 (3) | −0.0153 (3) |
| O1 | 0.0752 (10) | 0.0589 (9) | 0.0414 (8) | −0.0358 (8) | 0.0138 (7) | −0.0161 (6) |
| O2 | 0.0680 (9) | 0.0552 (8) | 0.0366 (7) | −0.0240 (7) | −0.0013 (6) | −0.0192 (6) |
| O3 | 0.0519 (7) | 0.0311 (6) | 0.0557 (8) | −0.0171 (6) | 0.0018 (6) | −0.0156 (6) |
| O4 | 0.0425 (6) | 0.0332 (6) | 0.0399 (7) | −0.0162 (5) | 0.0033 (5) | −0.0132 (5) |
| O5 | 0.0596 (8) | 0.0501 (8) | 0.0586 (9) | −0.0260 (7) | −0.0186 (7) | −0.0145 (7) |
| O6 | 0.0488 (7) | 0.0274 (6) | 0.0646 (9) | −0.0079 (5) | −0.0164 (6) | −0.0154 (6) |
| C1 | 0.0262 (7) | 0.0273 (7) | 0.0391 (9) | −0.0044 (6) | −0.0033 (6) | −0.0128 (6) |
| C2 | 0.0346 (8) | 0.0336 (8) | 0.0430 (9) | −0.0126 (7) | 0.0006 (7) | −0.0144 (7) |
| C3 | 0.0391 (9) | 0.0362 (9) | 0.0392 (9) | −0.0089 (7) | 0.0020 (7) | −0.0112 (7) |
| C4 | 0.0379 (9) | 0.0384 (9) | 0.0370 (9) | −0.0062 (7) | −0.0049 (7) | −0.0152 (7) |
| C5 | 0.0342 (8) | 0.0349 (8) | 0.0437 (10) | −0.0099 (7) | −0.0054 (7) | −0.0157 (7) |
| C6 | 0.0264 (7) | 0.0287 (8) | 0.0395 (9) | −0.0046 (6) | −0.0035 (6) | −0.0128 (7) |
| C7 | 0.129 (3) | 0.100 (2) | 0.0588 (15) | −0.084 (2) | 0.0344 (16) | −0.0281 (15) |
| C8 | 0.0914 (17) | 0.0613 (13) | 0.0447 (12) | −0.0308 (13) | −0.0033 (11) | −0.0266 (10) |
| C9 | 0.0298 (8) | 0.0292 (8) | 0.0422 (9) | −0.0064 (6) | −0.0041 (7) | −0.0131 (7) |
| C10 | 0.0324 (8) | 0.0282 (8) | 0.0373 (9) | −0.0086 (6) | −0.0015 (7) | −0.0113 (6) |
| C11 | 0.0296 (7) | 0.0270 (7) | 0.0365 (9) | −0.0060 (6) | −0.0041 (6) | −0.0108 (6) |
| C12 | 0.0349 (8) | 0.0357 (8) | 0.0364 (9) | −0.0137 (7) | 0.0009 (7) | −0.0150 (7) |
| C13 | 0.0384 (9) | 0.0389 (9) | 0.0404 (10) | −0.0109 (7) | 0.0015 (7) | −0.0148 (7) |
| C14A | 0.066 (3) | 0.053 (3) | 0.047 (3) | 0.001 (2) | −0.0090 (19) | −0.011 (2) |
| C15 | 0.1059 (16) | 0.0819 (14) | 0.0539 (11) | −0.0163 (11) | 0.0061 (10) | −0.0355 (10) |
| C16 | 0.1059 (16) | 0.0819 (14) | 0.0539 (11) | −0.0163 (11) | 0.0061 (10) | −0.0355 (10) |
| S1B | 0.065 (4) | 0.054 (5) | 0.041 (4) | 0.015 (3) | −0.008 (3) | −0.020 (4) |
| C14B | 0.1059 (16) | 0.0819 (14) | 0.0539 (11) | −0.0163 (11) | 0.0061 (10) | −0.0355 (10) |
| S1A—C13 | 1.702 (2) | C10—C13 | 1.487 (2) |
| S1A—C16 | 1.689 (3) | C10—C11 | 1.536 (2) |
| S1B—C15 | 1.584 (12) | C11—C12 | 1.515 (2) |
| S1B—C13 | 1.628 (13) | C13—C14B | 1.379 (19) |
| O1—C7 | 1.423 (4) | C13—C14A | 1.357 (7) |
| O1—C3 | 1.354 (2) | C14A—C15 | 1.387 (7) |
| O2—C8 | 1.431 (3) | C14B—C16 | 1.47 (2) |
| O2—C4 | 1.359 (2) | C15—C16 | 1.326 (4) |
| O3—C9 | 1.211 (2) | C2—H2 | 0.9300 |
| O4—C9 | 1.344 (2) | C5—H5 | 0.9300 |
| O4—C10 | 1.462 (2) | C7—H7A | 0.9600 |
| O5—C12 | 1.197 (2) | C7—H7B | 0.9600 |
| O6—C12 | 1.327 (2) | C7—H7C | 0.9600 |
| O6—H6 | 0.86 (3) | C8—H8A | 0.9600 |
| C1—C11 | 1.513 (2) | C8—H8B | 0.9600 |
| C1—C2 | 1.392 (2) | C8—H8C | 0.9600 |
| C1—C6 | 1.394 (2) | C10—H10 | 0.9800 |
| C2—C3 | 1.384 (3) | C11—H11 | 0.9800 |
| C3—C4 | 1.419 (2) | C14A—H14A | 0.9300 |
| C4—C5 | 1.371 (3) | C14B—H14B | 0.9300 |
| C5—C6 | 1.399 (2) | C15—H15 | 0.9300 |
| C6—C9 | 1.469 (2) | C16—H16 | 0.9300 |
| S1A···O4 | 3.0857 (15) | C3···H11viii | 3.0300 |
| S1A···C8i | 3.589 (2) | C4···H11viii | 2.8300 |
| S1B···O6ii | 3.308 (12) | C5···H8B | 2.8100 |
| S1B···O6 | 3.488 (13) | C5···H11viii | 2.7400 |
| S1B···C12 | 3.571 (13) | C5···H8A | 2.6600 |
| S1B···C2ii | 3.530 (13) | C6···H10 | 2.7900 |
| S1B···C3ii | 3.694 (13) | C6···H11viii | 2.8700 |
| S1A···H8Ci | 3.0000 | C7···H2 | 2.5200 |
| S1A···H11 | 3.1800 | C8···H5 | 2.5100 |
| O1···O2 | 2.581 (2) | C9···H11 | 2.9600 |
| O2···O1 | 2.581 (2) | C9···H6iii | 2.95 (2) |
| O3···O6iii | 2.6575 (18) | C12···H2 | 2.6900 |
| O3···C6iv | 3.350 (2) | H2···O6 | 2.8500 |
| O3···O4iv | 3.2369 (19) | H2···C7 | 2.5200 |
| O3···C9iv | 3.051 (2) | H2···C12 | 2.6900 |
| O4···O3iv | 3.2369 (19) | H2···H7A | 2.3800 |
| O4···S1A | 3.0857 (15) | H2···H7B | 2.2400 |
| O5···O6v | 3.212 (2) | H2···O5v | 2.5400 |
| O5···O5v | 3.138 (2) | H5···O3 | 2.6100 |
| O5···C12v | 3.244 (2) | H5···C8 | 2.5100 |
| O5···C7v | 3.382 (3) | H5···H8A | 2.1600 |
| O6···S1Bii | 3.308 (12) | H5···H8B | 2.4700 |
| O6···C2 | 3.150 (2) | H5···O4iv | 2.9200 |
| O6···O3vi | 2.6575 (18) | H6···O3vi | 1.84 (2) |
| O6···S1B | 3.488 (13) | H6···C9vi | 2.95 (2) |
| O6···C13 | 3.385 (2) | H6···H10ii | 2.5000 |
| O6···O5v | 3.212 (2) | H7A···C2 | 2.7800 |
| O1···H8Cvii | 2.7500 | H7A···H2 | 2.3800 |
| O2···H8Cvii | 2.7700 | H7B···C2 | 2.7100 |
| O3···H6iii | 1.84 (2) | H7B···H2 | 2.2400 |
| O3···H10iv | 2.8100 | H7B···H8Bvi | 2.5200 |
| O3···H5 | 2.6100 | H7B···O5v | 2.7400 |
| O4···H5iv | 2.9200 | H7C···H15x | 2.5600 |
| O5···H2v | 2.5400 | H8A···C5 | 2.6600 |
| O5···H7Bv | 2.7400 | H8A···H5 | 2.1600 |
| O6···H14Aii | 2.8500 | H8B···C5 | 2.8100 |
| O6···H10 | 2.6700 | H8B···H5 | 2.4700 |
| O6···H2 | 2.8500 | H8B···H7Biii | 2.5200 |
| O6···H10ii | 2.5400 | H8C···S1Aix | 3.0000 |
| C1···C1viii | 3.545 (2) | H8C···O1vii | 2.7500 |
| C2···S1Bii | 3.530 (13) | H8C···O2vii | 2.7700 |
| C2···C9viii | 3.532 (2) | H10···O6 | 2.6700 |
| C2···O6 | 3.150 (2) | H10···C6 | 2.7900 |
| C3···S1Bii | 3.694 (13) | H10···H14A | 2.5700 |
| C6···O3iv | 3.350 (2) | H10···O3iv | 2.8100 |
| C7···O5v | 3.382 (3) | H10···O6ii | 2.5400 |
| C8···S1Aix | 3.589 (2) | H10···H6ii | 2.5000 |
| C9···C9iv | 3.150 (2) | H11···S1A | 3.1800 |
| C9···C2viii | 3.532 (2) | H11···C9 | 2.9600 |
| C9···O3iv | 3.051 (2) | H11···C1viii | 3.1000 |
| C12···O5v | 3.244 (2) | H11···C3viii | 3.0300 |
| C12···S1B | 3.571 (13) | H11···C4viii | 2.8300 |
| C12···C14A | 3.527 (7) | H11···C5viii | 2.7400 |
| C13···O6 | 3.385 (2) | H11···C6viii | 2.8700 |
| C14A···C12 | 3.527 (7) | H14A···H10 | 2.5700 |
| C1···H11viii | 3.1000 | H14A···O6ii | 2.8500 |
| C2···H7B | 2.7100 | H14A···C2ii | 3.0600 |
| C2···H14Aii | 3.0600 | H15···H7Cxi | 2.5600 |
| C2···H7A | 2.7800 | ||
| C13—S1A—C16 | 91.85 (12) | C13—C14A—C15 | 115.2 (5) |
| C13—S1B—C15 | 92.3 (7) | C13—C14B—C16 | 117.2 (17) |
| C3—O1—C7 | 117.71 (16) | C14A—C15—C16 | 110.8 (4) |
| C4—O2—C8 | 116.56 (15) | S1B—C15—C16 | 123.5 (5) |
| C9—O4—C10 | 117.75 (13) | S1A—C16—C15 | 113.17 (19) |
| C12—O6—H6 | 108.4 (17) | C14B—C16—C15 | 98.8 (9) |
| C6—C1—C11 | 116.64 (14) | C1—C2—H2 | 120.00 |
| C2—C1—C6 | 119.26 (15) | C3—C2—H2 | 120.00 |
| C2—C1—C11 | 124.09 (15) | C4—C5—H5 | 120.00 |
| C1—C2—C3 | 120.20 (16) | C6—C5—H5 | 120.00 |
| O1—C3—C2 | 124.71 (16) | O1—C7—H7A | 110.00 |
| C2—C3—C4 | 120.36 (16) | O1—C7—H7B | 109.00 |
| O1—C3—C4 | 114.93 (16) | O1—C7—H7C | 109.00 |
| C3—C4—C5 | 119.21 (16) | H7A—C7—H7B | 109.00 |
| O2—C4—C5 | 125.01 (16) | H7A—C7—H7C | 109.00 |
| O2—C4—C3 | 115.78 (16) | H7B—C7—H7C | 109.00 |
| C4—C5—C6 | 120.31 (16) | O2—C8—H8A | 109.00 |
| C5—C6—C9 | 118.97 (15) | O2—C8—H8B | 109.00 |
| C1—C6—C5 | 120.64 (16) | O2—C8—H8C | 109.00 |
| C1—C6—C9 | 120.30 (15) | H8A—C8—H8B | 109.00 |
| O4—C9—C6 | 118.04 (14) | H8A—C8—H8C | 109.00 |
| O3—C9—O4 | 117.07 (16) | H8B—C8—H8C | 109.00 |
| O3—C9—C6 | 124.89 (16) | O4—C10—H10 | 109.00 |
| O4—C10—C13 | 107.21 (13) | C11—C10—H10 | 109.00 |
| O4—C10—C11 | 107.57 (13) | C13—C10—H10 | 109.00 |
| C11—C10—C13 | 115.54 (14) | C1—C11—H11 | 108.00 |
| C1—C11—C10 | 106.68 (13) | C10—C11—H11 | 108.00 |
| C10—C11—C12 | 109.46 (13) | C12—C11—H11 | 108.00 |
| C1—C11—C12 | 115.26 (14) | C13—C14A—H14A | 122.00 |
| O6—C12—C11 | 112.16 (15) | C15—C14A—H14A | 122.00 |
| O5—C12—C11 | 123.52 (16) | C16—C14B—H14B | 121.00 |
| O5—C12—O6 | 124.30 (16) | C13—C14B—H14B | 121.00 |
| C10—C13—C14A | 128.5 (3) | C16—C15—H15 | 125.00 |
| S1A—C13—C10 | 122.57 (13) | S1B—C15—H15 | 112.00 |
| S1A—C13—C14A | 109.0 (3) | C14A—C15—H15 | 125.00 |
| S1B—C13—C14B | 107.5 (11) | C14B—C16—H16 | 138.00 |
| S1B—C13—C10 | 118.1 (4) | S1A—C16—H16 | 123.00 |
| C10—C13—C14B | 133.8 (10) | C15—C16—H16 | 123.00 |
| C16—S1A—C13—C14A | −0.8 (4) | O1—C3—C4—C5 | 179.60 (16) |
| C13—S1A—C16—C15 | 0.5 (3) | O2—C4—C5—C6 | −179.91 (16) |
| C16—S1A—C13—C10 | 177.53 (18) | C3—C4—C5—C6 | 1.1 (3) |
| C7—O1—C3—C2 | 6.4 (3) | C4—C5—C6—C1 | −0.3 (3) |
| C7—O1—C3—C4 | −173.5 (2) | C4—C5—C6—C9 | −176.89 (16) |
| C8—O2—C4—C3 | 165.72 (18) | C5—C6—C9—O4 | −163.86 (15) |
| C8—O2—C4—C5 | −13.3 (3) | C5—C6—C9—O3 | 17.3 (3) |
| C10—O4—C9—C6 | 10.7 (2) | C1—C6—C9—O4 | 19.5 (2) |
| C9—O4—C10—C13 | −177.08 (14) | C1—C6—C9—O3 | −159.38 (18) |
| C9—O4—C10—C11 | −52.23 (19) | O4—C10—C11—C12 | −171.59 (13) |
| C10—O4—C9—O3 | −170.33 (15) | O4—C10—C13—S1A | 50.92 (19) |
| C2—C1—C11—C10 | 144.44 (16) | C13—C10—C11—C1 | −177.25 (14) |
| C2—C1—C6—C5 | −1.3 (2) | O4—C10—C11—C1 | 63.07 (16) |
| C6—C1—C11—C12 | −158.42 (15) | C11—C10—C13—C14A | 109.1 (4) |
| C2—C1—C6—C9 | 175.27 (16) | C13—C10—C11—C12 | −51.91 (19) |
| C11—C1—C2—C3 | −179.11 (16) | O4—C10—C13—C14A | −131.1 (4) |
| C11—C1—C6—C5 | 179.76 (15) | C11—C10—C13—S1A | −68.96 (19) |
| C11—C1—C6—C9 | −3.7 (2) | C1—C11—C12—O5 | −123.00 (19) |
| C2—C1—C11—C12 | 22.7 (2) | C1—C11—C12—O6 | 58.6 (2) |
| C6—C1—C11—C10 | −36.70 (19) | C10—C11—C12—O5 | 116.78 (19) |
| C6—C1—C2—C3 | 2.1 (3) | C10—C11—C12—O6 | −61.66 (18) |
| C1—C2—C3—C4 | −1.3 (3) | S1A—C13—C14A—C15 | 1.0 (6) |
| C1—C2—C3—O1 | 178.82 (17) | C10—C13—C14A—C15 | −177.2 (3) |
| C2—C3—C4—C5 | −0.3 (3) | C13—C14A—C15—C16 | −0.7 (7) |
| C2—C3—C4—O2 | −179.43 (16) | C14A—C15—C16—S1A | 0.1 (5) |
| O1—C3—C4—O2 | 0.5 (2) |
| H··· | ||||
| O6—H6···O3vi | 0.86 (3) | 1.84 (2) | 2.658 (2) | 159 (3) |
| C2—H2···O5v | 0.93 | 2.54 | 3.465 (2) | 172 |
| C10—H10···O6ii | 0.98 | 2.54 | 3.475 (2) | 159 |
| C11—H11···Cg4viii | 0.98 | 2.61 | 3.525 (2) | 156 |
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)
| H⋯ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O6—H6⋯O3i | 0.86 (3) | 1.84 (2) | 2.658 (2) | 159 (3) |
| C2—H2⋯O5ii | 0.93 | 2.54 | 3.465 (2) | 172 |
| C10—H10⋯O6iii | 0.98 | 2.54 | 3.475 (2) | 159 |
| C11—H11⋯ | 0.98 | 2.61 | 3.525 (2) | 156 |
Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) . Cg4 is the centroid of the C1–C6 ring.