| Literature DB >> 21580901 |
Mireille Perec, Maria Teresa Garland, Ricardo Baggio.
Abstract
The title compound {[Cu(2)Ho(2)(C(4)H(5)O(2))(10)(H(2)O)(4)]·3H(2)O}(n), is a one-dimensional 3d/4f organic-inorganic hybrid complex, the Ho(III) member of the isotypic lanthanoid series with Ln = Gd(III), Er(III) and Y(III). The structure shows an alternation of Cu(2) and Ho(2) dinuclear units bridged by the ligands and hydrogen bonds only. The chains are composed of Cu(2) classical dinuclear η(1):η(1):μ(2) fourfold bridges [Cu⋯Cu = 2.6417 (9) Å] and of Ho(2) units bridged by two η(2):η(1):μ(2) carboxyl-ate units. This results in distorted square-based pyramidal CuO(5) units and irregular HoO(9) units. The alternating Cu(2) and Ho(2) units are bridged into linear arrays along the a axis by a set of one η(2):η(1):μ(2) carboxyl-ate O atom and two hydrogen bonds with Cu⋯Ho separations of 4.4883 (10) and 4.5086 (10) Å. The distance between adjacent chains, as calculated by the closest and furthest distances between two chains, covers the range 10-14 Å. The H atoms of the water mol-ecules could not be located, but the O⋯O separations for these species suggest the presence of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.Entities:
Year: 2008 PMID: 21580901 PMCID: PMC2959781 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808034296
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online ISSN: 1600-5368
| [Cu2Ho2(C4H5O2)10(H2O)4]·3H2O | |
| Monoclinic, | Mo |
| Hall symbol: -P 2ybc | Cell parameters from 7221 reflections |
| θ = 2.1–26.8° | |
| µ = 3.49 mm−1 | |
| β = 107.152 (2)° | Needles, green |
| 0.24 × 0.10 × 0.08 mm | |
| Bruker SMART CCD area-detector diffractometer | 12977 independent reflections |
| Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 9482 reflections with |
| graphite | |
| φ and ω scans | θmax = 28.2°, θmin = 1.8° |
| Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; (Bruker, 2002) | |
| 34338 measured reflections |
| Refinement on | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
| Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
| Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites | |
| H-atom parameters constrained | |
| 12977 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.003 |
| 653 parameters | Δρmax = 1.23 e Å−3 |
| 30 restraints | Δρmin = −1.02 e Å−3 |
| Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
| Ho1 | 0.843231 (18) | 0.783533 (10) | 0.670233 (12) | 0.03660 (7) | |
| Ho2 | 1.024471 (17) | 0.664760 (10) | 0.594522 (11) | 0.03346 (7) | |
| Cu1 | 0.36154 (5) | 0.68897 (3) | 0.65391 (3) | 0.03839 (15) | |
| Cu2 | 0.51325 (5) | 0.74316 (3) | 0.62360 (3) | 0.04014 (15) | |
| O11 | 0.3036 (3) | 0.77154 (15) | 0.64194 (18) | 0.0456 (9) | |
| O21 | 0.4304 (3) | 0.81524 (15) | 0.61285 (19) | 0.0513 (10) | |
| C11 | 0.3485 (4) | 0.8172 (2) | 0.6260 (3) | 0.0403 (12) | |
| C21 | 0.2976 (5) | 0.8760 (2) | 0.6233 (3) | 0.0546 (15) | |
| H21 | 0.2337 | 0.8768 | 0.6294 | 0.065* | |
| C31 | 0.3377 (6) | 0.9269 (3) | 0.6128 (4) | 0.079 (2) | |
| H31 | 0.4007 | 0.9254 | 0.6053 | 0.095* | |
| C41 | 0.2900 (7) | 0.9879 (3) | 0.6120 (5) | 0.130 (4) | |
| H411 | 0.2243 | 0.9831 | 0.6180 | 0.195* | |
| H412 | 0.2840 | 1.0075 | 0.5678 | 0.195* | |
| H413 | 0.3312 | 1.0122 | 0.6497 | 0.195* | |
| O12 | 0.4345 (3) | 0.70699 (16) | 0.75125 (18) | 0.0511 (10) | |
| O22 | 0.5570 (3) | 0.75996 (17) | 0.72663 (18) | 0.0515 (10) | |
| C12 | 0.5109 (4) | 0.7396 (2) | 0.7686 (3) | 0.0417 (12) | |
| C22 | 0.5494 (4) | 0.7565 (3) | 0.8436 (3) | 0.0545 (15) | |
| H22 | 0.5406 | 0.7287 | 0.8766 | 0.065* | |
| C32 | 0.5943 (4) | 0.8065 (3) | 0.8670 (3) | 0.0617 (17) | |
| H32 | 0.6102 | 0.8320 | 0.8346 | 0.074* | |
| C42 | 0.6232 (5) | 0.8273 (3) | 0.9430 (3) | 0.082 (2) | |
| H421 | 0.6212 | 0.7934 | 0.9729 | 0.123* | |
| H422 | 0.5767 | 0.8577 | 0.9484 | 0.123* | |
| H423 | 0.6901 | 0.8438 | 0.9559 | 0.123* | |
| O13 | 0.4443 (3) | 0.61669 (15) | 0.6601 (2) | 0.0546 (10) | |
| O23 | 0.5778 (3) | 0.66311 (15) | 0.64296 (19) | 0.0499 (9) | |
| C13 | 0.5324 (4) | 0.6173 (2) | 0.6572 (3) | 0.0441 (13) | |
| C23 | 0.5903 (5) | 0.5598 (2) | 0.6700 (3) | 0.0575 (16) | |
| H23 | 0.6581 | 0.5609 | 0.6723 | 0.069* | |
| C33 | 0.5505 (5) | 0.5080 (3) | 0.6783 (3) | 0.075 (2) | |
| H33 | 0.4830 | 0.5079 | 0.6770 | 0.090* | |
| C43 | 0.6053 (6) | 0.4482 (3) | 0.6898 (4) | 0.109 (3) | |
| H431 | 0.5809 | 0.4235 | 0.6485 | 0.164* | |
| H432 | 0.5938 | 0.4280 | 0.7296 | 0.164* | |
| H433 | 0.6763 | 0.4551 | 0.6987 | 0.164* | |
| O14 | 0.3123 (3) | 0.67875 (17) | 0.55130 (17) | 0.0509 (10) | |
| O24 | 0.4430 (3) | 0.72049 (16) | 0.52530 (18) | 0.0514 (10) | |
| C14 | 0.3585 (4) | 0.6959 (2) | 0.5083 (3) | 0.0445 (13) | |
| C24 | 0.3035 (4) | 0.6850 (3) | 0.4335 (3) | 0.0565 (16) | |
| H24 | 0.2503 | 0.6577 | 0.4237 | 0.068* | |
| C34 | 0.3231 (5) | 0.7100 (3) | 0.3815 (3) | 0.0696 (19) | |
| H34 | 0.3779 | 0.7362 | 0.3915 | 0.084* | |
| C44 | 0.2657 (5) | 0.7010 (3) | 0.3048 (3) | 0.084 (2) | |
| H441 | 0.2093 | 0.6747 | 0.3011 | 0.126* | |
| H442 | 0.3092 | 0.6831 | 0.2807 | 0.126* | |
| H443 | 0.2419 | 0.7394 | 0.2839 | 0.126* | |
| O15 | 0.9577 (3) | 0.57490 (15) | 0.52451 (18) | 0.0459 (9) | |
| O25 | 0.8763 (3) | 0.61044 (15) | 0.59465 (19) | 0.0471 (9) | |
| C15 | 0.8831 (4) | 0.5728 (2) | 0.5473 (3) | 0.0428 (13) | |
| C25 | 0.8068 (5) | 0.5250 (3) | 0.5189 (3) | 0.0639 (17) | |
| H25 | 0.8221 | 0.4948 | 0.4911 | 0.077* | |
| C35 | 0.7229 (5) | 0.5231 (3) | 0.5303 (3) | 0.0727 (19) | |
| H35 | 0.7099 | 0.5522 | 0.5604 | 0.087* | |
| C45 | 0.6403 (5) | 0.4769 (3) | 0.4990 (4) | 0.110 (3) | |
| H451 | 0.6616 | 0.4504 | 0.4678 | 0.164* | |
| H452 | 0.5799 | 0.4976 | 0.4733 | 0.164* | |
| H453 | 0.6275 | 0.4536 | 0.5363 | 0.164* | |
| O16 | 1.2173 (2) | 0.65248 (14) | 0.66304 (17) | 0.0389 (8) | |
| O26 | 1.1059 (3) | 0.58251 (14) | 0.66393 (18) | 0.0442 (9) | |
| C16 | 1.1965 (4) | 0.6008 (2) | 0.6824 (2) | 0.0364 (11) | |
| C26 | 1.2771 (4) | 0.5619 (2) | 0.7272 (3) | 0.0472 (14) | |
| H26 | 1.3425 | 0.5771 | 0.7414 | 0.057* | |
| C36 | 1.2615 (4) | 0.5076 (2) | 0.7477 (3) | 0.0640 (18) | |
| H36 | 1.1953 | 0.4938 | 0.7347 | 0.077* | |
| C46 | 1.3410 (5) | 0.4654 (3) | 0.7906 (4) | 0.094 (3) | |
| H461 | 1.4061 | 0.4839 | 0.7995 | 0.141* | |
| H462 | 1.3396 | 0.4283 | 0.7650 | 0.141* | |
| H463 | 1.3281 | 0.4568 | 0.8346 | 0.141* | |
| O17 | 0.8752 (3) | 0.74373 (14) | 0.57064 (16) | 0.0402 (8) | |
| O27 | 0.9215 (3) | 0.70443 (15) | 0.48474 (17) | 0.0448 (9) | |
| C17 | 0.8725 (4) | 0.7441 (2) | 0.5062 (3) | 0.0383 (12) | |
| C27 | 0.8146 (4) | 0.7912 (2) | 0.4588 (3) | 0.0461 (14) | |
| H27 | 0.7746 | 0.8172 | 0.4758 | 0.055* | |
| C37 | 0.8169 (5) | 0.7980 (2) | 0.3939 (3) | 0.0523 (15) | |
| H37 | 0.8562 | 0.7712 | 0.3772 | 0.063* | |
| C47 | 0.7609 (6) | 0.8460 (3) | 0.3448 (3) | 0.083 (2) | |
| H471 | 0.7123 | 0.8645 | 0.3641 | 0.124* | |
| H472 | 0.7268 | 0.8281 | 0.3000 | 0.124* | |
| H473 | 0.8074 | 0.8761 | 0.3387 | 0.124* | |
| O18 | 0.9594 (3) | 0.75324 (16) | 0.77741 (18) | 0.0502 (10) | |
| O28 | 0.9992 (3) | 0.69894 (16) | 0.69837 (18) | 0.0505 (10) | |
| C18 | 1.0119 (4) | 0.7120 (2) | 0.7621 (3) | 0.0416 (13) | |
| C28 | 1.0866 (5) | 0.6785 (3) | 0.8176 (3) | 0.0681 (19) | |
| H28 | 1.1244 | 0.6486 | 0.8042 | 0.082* | |
| C38 | 1.1021 (6) | 0.6886 (4) | 0.8835 (4) | 0.104 (3) | |
| H38 | 1.0625 | 0.7179 | 0.8962 | 0.125* | |
| C48 | 1.1803 (8) | 0.6563 (4) | 0.9425 (4) | 0.187 (6) | |
| H481 | 1.2200 | 0.6300 | 0.9227 | 0.281* | |
| H482 | 1.1469 | 0.6327 | 0.9697 | 0.281* | |
| H483 | 1.2233 | 0.6856 | 0.9725 | 0.281* | |
| O19 | 0.6491 (3) | 0.78103 (15) | 0.60660 (17) | 0.0426 (9) | |
| O29 | 0.7445 (3) | 0.85441 (15) | 0.58965 (18) | 0.0480 (9) | |
| C19 | 0.6600 (4) | 0.8298 (2) | 0.5752 (3) | 0.0394 (12) | |
| C29 | 0.5717 (5) | 0.8531 (3) | 0.5191 (3) | 0.0660 (18) | |
| H29 | 0.5109 | 0.8325 | 0.5110 | 0.079* | |
| C39 | 0.5738 (6) | 0.8983 (3) | 0.4821 (4) | 0.109 (3) | |
| H39 | 0.6349 | 0.9185 | 0.4903 | 0.130* | |
| C49 | 0.4842 (7) | 0.9230 (4) | 0.4242 (5) | 0.185 (5) | |
| H491 | 0.5080 | 0.9451 | 0.3906 | 0.277* | |
| H492 | 0.4457 | 0.9496 | 0.4447 | 0.277* | |
| H493 | 0.4424 | 0.8901 | 0.4010 | 0.277* | |
| O10 | 0.9850 (3) | 0.83683 (15) | 0.6588 (2) | 0.0540 (10) | |
| O20 | 0.9038 (3) | 0.87976 (15) | 0.72448 (18) | 0.0488 (9) | |
| C10 | 0.9735 (4) | 0.8813 (2) | 0.6968 (3) | 0.0444 (13) | |
| C20 | 1.0431 (4) | 0.9329 (2) | 0.7057 (3) | 0.0562 (16) | |
| H20 | 1.0967 | 0.9297 | 0.6867 | 0.067* | |
| C30 | 1.0347 (5) | 0.9820 (3) | 0.7378 (3) | 0.0683 (18) | |
| H30 | 0.9817 | 0.9838 | 0.7575 | 0.082* | |
| C40 | 1.1009 (5) | 1.0372 (3) | 0.7473 (4) | 0.094 (3) | |
| H401 | 1.1487 | 1.0322 | 0.7213 | 0.141* | |
| H402 | 1.1362 | 1.0424 | 0.7964 | 0.141* | |
| H403 | 1.0600 | 1.0723 | 0.7303 | 0.141* | |
| O1W | 0.7526 (3) | 0.80013 (15) | 0.74993 (17) | 0.0470 (9) | |
| O2W | 0.7832 (3) | 0.68213 (14) | 0.66900 (18) | 0.0445 (9) | |
| O3W | 1.0957 (2) | 0.76302 (14) | 0.60445 (18) | 0.0432 (9) | |
| O4W | 1.1179 (3) | 0.65241 (16) | 0.51587 (17) | 0.0474 (9) | |
| O5W | 0.8129 (3) | 0.86530 (16) | 0.86586 (17) | 0.0542 (10) | |
| O6W | 0.9477 (3) | 0.96277 (14) | 0.88853 (18) | 0.0541 (10) | |
| O7W | 1.0534 (3) | 0.85442 (18) | 0.87360 (18) | 0.0610 (11) |
| Ho1 | 0.03854 (14) | 0.04022 (14) | 0.03143 (13) | −0.00543 (11) | 0.01091 (10) | −0.00266 (10) |
| Ho2 | 0.03031 (13) | 0.03573 (13) | 0.03362 (13) | −0.00186 (10) | 0.00829 (9) | −0.00210 (10) |
| Cu1 | 0.0296 (3) | 0.0453 (4) | 0.0392 (4) | −0.0049 (3) | 0.0086 (3) | −0.0007 (3) |
| Cu2 | 0.0313 (4) | 0.0485 (4) | 0.0406 (4) | −0.0052 (3) | 0.0106 (3) | −0.0008 (3) |
| O11 | 0.041 (2) | 0.042 (2) | 0.055 (2) | −0.0044 (17) | 0.0167 (18) | 0.0005 (17) |
| O21 | 0.048 (2) | 0.045 (2) | 0.069 (3) | −0.0020 (19) | 0.028 (2) | 0.0026 (19) |
| C11 | 0.041 (3) | 0.042 (3) | 0.034 (3) | −0.001 (3) | 0.005 (2) | −0.002 (2) |
| C21 | 0.062 (4) | 0.046 (3) | 0.063 (4) | 0.001 (3) | 0.030 (3) | −0.003 (3) |
| C31 | 0.099 (6) | 0.048 (4) | 0.104 (6) | 0.004 (4) | 0.050 (5) | 0.003 (4) |
| C41 | 0.186 (10) | 0.043 (4) | 0.196 (10) | 0.028 (5) | 0.109 (8) | 0.028 (5) |
| O12 | 0.040 (2) | 0.071 (3) | 0.042 (2) | −0.011 (2) | 0.0111 (18) | −0.0002 (19) |
| O22 | 0.041 (2) | 0.071 (3) | 0.043 (2) | −0.014 (2) | 0.0136 (18) | −0.0120 (19) |
| C12 | 0.033 (3) | 0.048 (3) | 0.043 (3) | 0.005 (3) | 0.011 (2) | 0.001 (3) |
| C22 | 0.040 (3) | 0.077 (4) | 0.044 (3) | −0.003 (3) | 0.009 (3) | 0.004 (3) |
| C32 | 0.042 (4) | 0.083 (4) | 0.062 (4) | −0.006 (3) | 0.019 (3) | −0.017 (3) |
| C42 | 0.068 (5) | 0.113 (6) | 0.063 (4) | −0.013 (4) | 0.018 (4) | −0.030 (4) |
| O13 | 0.044 (2) | 0.044 (2) | 0.081 (3) | 0.0001 (19) | 0.027 (2) | 0.002 (2) |
| O23 | 0.039 (2) | 0.046 (2) | 0.064 (3) | −0.0019 (18) | 0.0141 (19) | 0.0024 (19) |
| C13 | 0.039 (3) | 0.050 (3) | 0.038 (3) | −0.002 (3) | 0.004 (2) | −0.002 (3) |
| C23 | 0.053 (4) | 0.051 (4) | 0.067 (4) | 0.011 (3) | 0.016 (3) | 0.003 (3) |
| C33 | 0.088 (6) | 0.052 (4) | 0.081 (5) | 0.008 (4) | 0.017 (4) | 0.005 (4) |
| C43 | 0.148 (9) | 0.056 (4) | 0.116 (7) | 0.026 (5) | 0.027 (6) | 0.012 (4) |
| O14 | 0.036 (2) | 0.081 (3) | 0.034 (2) | −0.016 (2) | 0.0072 (16) | −0.0097 (19) |
| O24 | 0.044 (2) | 0.069 (3) | 0.042 (2) | −0.016 (2) | 0.0150 (18) | −0.0040 (19) |
| C14 | 0.040 (3) | 0.051 (3) | 0.041 (3) | −0.001 (3) | 0.010 (3) | −0.004 (3) |
| C24 | 0.045 (4) | 0.079 (4) | 0.046 (4) | −0.011 (3) | 0.015 (3) | −0.003 (3) |
| C34 | 0.066 (5) | 0.089 (5) | 0.058 (4) | −0.008 (4) | 0.024 (4) | 0.003 (4) |
| C44 | 0.090 (6) | 0.123 (6) | 0.040 (4) | 0.007 (5) | 0.019 (4) | 0.002 (4) |
| O15 | 0.042 (2) | 0.043 (2) | 0.049 (2) | −0.0077 (18) | 0.0093 (18) | −0.0114 (17) |
| O25 | 0.040 (2) | 0.045 (2) | 0.060 (2) | −0.0052 (17) | 0.0204 (18) | −0.0024 (18) |
| C15 | 0.039 (3) | 0.039 (3) | 0.045 (3) | −0.003 (3) | 0.002 (3) | 0.005 (2) |
| C25 | 0.045 (4) | 0.060 (4) | 0.079 (5) | −0.004 (3) | 0.008 (3) | −0.011 (3) |
| C35 | 0.063 (5) | 0.073 (5) | 0.075 (5) | −0.012 (4) | 0.010 (4) | −0.006 (4) |
| C45 | 0.084 (6) | 0.090 (5) | 0.136 (7) | −0.046 (5) | 0.002 (5) | −0.020 (5) |
| O16 | 0.036 (2) | 0.0381 (19) | 0.042 (2) | −0.0043 (16) | 0.0115 (16) | 0.0031 (16) |
| O26 | 0.032 (2) | 0.041 (2) | 0.054 (2) | −0.0085 (16) | 0.0024 (17) | 0.0028 (17) |
| C16 | 0.038 (3) | 0.037 (3) | 0.033 (3) | −0.001 (2) | 0.009 (2) | −0.004 (2) |
| C26 | 0.035 (3) | 0.050 (3) | 0.049 (3) | −0.006 (3) | 0.001 (2) | 0.007 (3) |
| C36 | 0.051 (4) | 0.054 (4) | 0.070 (4) | −0.013 (3) | −0.010 (3) | 0.015 (3) |
| C46 | 0.088 (6) | 0.057 (4) | 0.105 (6) | 0.003 (4) | −0.021 (5) | 0.024 (4) |
| O17 | 0.049 (2) | 0.043 (2) | 0.0288 (18) | −0.0020 (17) | 0.0107 (16) | −0.0016 (15) |
| O27 | 0.044 (2) | 0.051 (2) | 0.038 (2) | 0.0139 (18) | 0.0082 (17) | −0.0007 (16) |
| C17 | 0.038 (3) | 0.039 (3) | 0.035 (3) | −0.004 (2) | 0.007 (2) | −0.001 (2) |
| C27 | 0.057 (4) | 0.045 (3) | 0.038 (3) | 0.014 (3) | 0.018 (3) | 0.004 (2) |
| C37 | 0.072 (4) | 0.043 (3) | 0.044 (3) | 0.007 (3) | 0.020 (3) | 0.003 (3) |
| C47 | 0.121 (7) | 0.067 (4) | 0.056 (4) | 0.017 (4) | 0.020 (4) | 0.019 (3) |
| O18 | 0.047 (2) | 0.059 (2) | 0.042 (2) | 0.006 (2) | 0.0083 (18) | −0.0040 (18) |
| O28 | 0.056 (3) | 0.061 (2) | 0.038 (2) | −0.012 (2) | 0.0182 (18) | −0.0082 (18) |
| C18 | 0.040 (3) | 0.051 (3) | 0.032 (3) | −0.013 (3) | 0.007 (2) | 0.002 (2) |
| C28 | 0.068 (5) | 0.074 (4) | 0.051 (4) | 0.017 (4) | 0.001 (3) | 0.005 (3) |
| C38 | 0.120 (8) | 0.117 (6) | 0.053 (5) | 0.005 (5) | −0.007 (5) | 0.024 (5) |
| C48 | 0.213 (13) | 0.177 (10) | 0.102 (7) | 0.000 (9) | −0.061 (7) | 0.078 (7) |
| O19 | 0.039 (2) | 0.048 (2) | 0.042 (2) | −0.0068 (17) | 0.0119 (16) | 0.0040 (17) |
| O29 | 0.046 (2) | 0.047 (2) | 0.055 (2) | −0.0074 (18) | 0.0206 (19) | 0.0058 (18) |
| C19 | 0.042 (3) | 0.043 (3) | 0.036 (3) | 0.002 (3) | 0.016 (2) | −0.001 (2) |
| C29 | 0.054 (4) | 0.086 (5) | 0.056 (4) | 0.011 (4) | 0.015 (3) | 0.025 (3) |
| C39 | 0.071 (6) | 0.119 (7) | 0.118 (7) | 0.004 (5) | 0.001 (5) | 0.065 (6) |
| C49 | 0.118 (9) | 0.217 (11) | 0.181 (10) | 0.038 (8) | −0.016 (7) | 0.143 (9) |
| O10 | 0.057 (3) | 0.045 (2) | 0.069 (3) | −0.0125 (19) | 0.032 (2) | −0.0162 (19) |
| O20 | 0.050 (2) | 0.049 (2) | 0.053 (2) | −0.0096 (19) | 0.0251 (19) | −0.0109 (18) |
| C10 | 0.046 (3) | 0.044 (3) | 0.044 (3) | 0.000 (3) | 0.014 (3) | −0.004 (3) |
| C20 | 0.060 (4) | 0.046 (3) | 0.072 (4) | −0.015 (3) | 0.034 (3) | −0.014 (3) |
| C30 | 0.068 (5) | 0.063 (4) | 0.083 (5) | −0.017 (4) | 0.036 (4) | −0.021 (4) |
| C40 | 0.103 (6) | 0.060 (4) | 0.137 (7) | −0.037 (4) | 0.061 (5) | −0.041 (4) |
| O1W | 0.044 (2) | 0.060 (2) | 0.040 (2) | −0.0070 (18) | 0.0162 (17) | −0.0091 (17) |
| O2W | 0.036 (2) | 0.044 (2) | 0.056 (2) | 0.0000 (17) | 0.0175 (17) | −0.0007 (17) |
| O3W | 0.038 (2) | 0.0354 (18) | 0.058 (2) | −0.0041 (16) | 0.0184 (18) | −0.0023 (17) |
| O4W | 0.033 (2) | 0.074 (3) | 0.037 (2) | −0.0042 (18) | 0.0130 (16) | −0.0078 (18) |
| O5W | 0.058 (3) | 0.060 (2) | 0.040 (2) | −0.013 (2) | 0.0087 (18) | −0.0083 (18) |
| O6W | 0.069 (3) | 0.038 (2) | 0.053 (2) | −0.0057 (19) | 0.014 (2) | −0.0005 (17) |
| O7W | 0.054 (3) | 0.085 (3) | 0.041 (2) | 0.012 (2) | 0.0101 (19) | 0.002 (2) |
| Ho1—O17 | 2.322 (3) | C34—C44 | 1.507 (7) |
| Ho1—O1W | 2.323 (3) | C34—H34 | 0.9300 |
| Ho1—O18 | 2.356 (3) | C44—H441 | 0.9600 |
| Ho1—O10 | 2.362 (4) | C44—H442 | 0.9600 |
| Ho1—O29 | 2.365 (3) | C44—H443 | 0.9600 |
| Ho1—O2W | 2.386 (3) | O15—C15 | 1.247 (6) |
| Ho1—O20 | 2.418 (3) | O25—C15 | 1.279 (6) |
| Ho1—O19 | 2.619 (3) | C15—C25 | 1.484 (7) |
| Ho1—C10 | 2.765 (5) | C25—C35 | 1.251 (7) |
| Ho1—O28 | 2.789 (4) | C25—H25 | 0.9300 |
| Ho2—O28 | 2.316 (3) | C35—C45 | 1.523 (7) |
| Ho2—O4W | 2.322 (3) | C35—H35 | 0.9300 |
| Ho2—O26 | 2.357 (3) | C45—H451 | 0.9600 |
| Ho2—O3W | 2.368 (3) | C45—H452 | 0.9600 |
| Ho2—O25 | 2.382 (3) | C45—H453 | 0.9600 |
| Ho2—O27 | 2.392 (3) | O16—C16 | 1.265 (5) |
| Ho2—O15 | 2.443 (3) | O16—Cu1ii | 2.215 (3) |
| Ho2—O16 | 2.635 (3) | O26—C16 | 1.267 (5) |
| Ho2—O17 | 2.642 (3) | C16—C26 | 1.481 (6) |
| Ho2—C17 | 2.901 (5) | C26—C36 | 1.305 (6) |
| Cu1—O12 | 1.939 (3) | C26—H26 | 0.9300 |
| Cu1—O13 | 1.949 (4) | C36—C46 | 1.503 (7) |
| Cu1—O14 | 1.961 (3) | C36—H36 | 0.9300 |
| Cu1—O11 | 1.978 (3) | C46—H461 | 0.9600 |
| Cu1—O16i | 2.215 (3) | C46—H462 | 0.9600 |
| Cu1—Cu2 | 2.6417 (9) | C46—H463 | 0.9600 |
| Cu2—O21 | 1.938 (4) | O17—C17 | 1.268 (5) |
| Cu2—O23 | 1.968 (3) | O27—C17 | 1.259 (5) |
| Cu2—O24 | 1.971 (3) | C17—C27 | 1.471 (6) |
| Cu2—O22 | 1.989 (3) | C27—C37 | 1.306 (6) |
| Cu2—O19 | 2.178 (3) | C27—H27 | 0.9300 |
| O11—C11 | 1.272 (6) | C37—C47 | 1.493 (6) |
| O21—C11 | 1.241 (6) | C37—H37 | 0.9300 |
| C11—C21 | 1.472 (6) | C47—H471 | 0.9600 |
| C21—C31 | 1.297 (7) | C47—H472 | 0.9600 |
| C21—H21 | 0.9300 | C47—H473 | 0.9600 |
| C31—C41 | 1.499 (7) | O18—C18 | 1.258 (6) |
| C31—H31 | 0.9300 | O28—C18 | 1.258 (5) |
| C41—H411 | 0.9600 | C18—C28 | 1.471 (7) |
| C41—H412 | 0.9600 | C28—C38 | 1.282 (7) |
| C41—H413 | 0.9600 | C28—H28 | 0.9300 |
| O12—C12 | 1.244 (6) | C38—C48 | 1.520 (8) |
| O22—C12 | 1.273 (6) | C38—H38 | 0.9300 |
| C12—C22 | 1.472 (6) | C48—H481 | 0.9600 |
| C22—C32 | 1.286 (7) | C48—H482 | 0.9600 |
| C22—H22 | 0.9300 | C48—H483 | 0.9600 |
| C32—C42 | 1.513 (7) | O19—C19 | 1.274 (5) |
| C32—H32 | 0.9300 | O29—C19 | 1.247 (6) |
| C42—H421 | 0.9600 | C19—C29 | 1.484 (7) |
| C42—H422 | 0.9600 | C29—C39 | 1.244 (7) |
| C42—H423 | 0.9600 | C29—H29 | 0.9300 |
| O13—C13 | 1.241 (6) | C39—C49 | 1.524 (8) |
| O23—C13 | 1.268 (6) | C39—H39 | 0.9300 |
| C13—C23 | 1.483 (6) | C49—H491 | 0.9600 |
| C23—C33 | 1.302 (7) | C49—H492 | 0.9600 |
| C23—H23 | 0.9300 | C49—H493 | 0.9600 |
| C33—C43 | 1.507 (7) | O10—C10 | 1.276 (5) |
| C33—H33 | 0.9300 | O20—C10 | 1.247 (6) |
| C43—H431 | 0.9600 | C10—C20 | 1.471 (6) |
| C43—H432 | 0.9600 | C20—C30 | 1.280 (6) |
| C43—H433 | 0.9600 | C20—H20 | 0.9300 |
| O14—C14 | 1.268 (6) | C30—C40 | 1.504 (7) |
| O24—C14 | 1.246 (6) | C30—H30 | 0.9300 |
| C14—C24 | 1.474 (6) | C40—H401 | 0.9600 |
| C24—C34 | 1.269 (7) | C40—H402 | 0.9600 |
| C24—H24 | 0.9300 | C40—H403 | 0.9600 |
| O17—Ho1—O1W | 156.53 (12) | H421—C42—H423 | 109.5 |
| O17—Ho1—O18 | 114.16 (12) | H422—C42—H423 | 109.5 |
| O1W—Ho1—O18 | 78.12 (13) | C13—O13—Cu1 | 124.0 (4) |
| O17—Ho1—O10 | 74.47 (12) | C13—O23—Cu2 | 122.2 (3) |
| O1W—Ho1—O10 | 128.45 (12) | O13—C13—O23 | 125.5 (5) |
| O18—Ho1—O10 | 81.98 (13) | O13—C13—C23 | 118.4 (5) |
| O17—Ho1—O29 | 83.87 (12) | O23—C13—C23 | 116.2 (5) |
| O1W—Ho1—O29 | 91.91 (12) | C33—C23—C13 | 123.0 (6) |
| O18—Ho1—O29 | 154.75 (12) | C33—C23—H23 | 118.5 |
| O10—Ho1—O29 | 86.49 (13) | C13—C23—H23 | 118.5 |
| O17—Ho1—O2W | 77.88 (11) | C23—C33—C43 | 125.1 (7) |
| O1W—Ho1—O2W | 84.11 (12) | C23—C33—H33 | 117.5 |
| O18—Ho1—O2W | 83.50 (12) | C43—C33—H33 | 117.5 |
| O10—Ho1—O2W | 139.90 (12) | C33—C43—H431 | 109.5 |
| O29—Ho1—O2W | 118.86 (12) | C33—C43—H432 | 109.5 |
| O17—Ho1—O20 | 125.65 (12) | H431—C43—H432 | 109.5 |
| O1W—Ho1—O20 | 75.24 (12) | C33—C43—H433 | 109.5 |
| O18—Ho1—O20 | 77.99 (13) | H431—C43—H433 | 109.5 |
| O10—Ho1—O20 | 54.19 (12) | H432—C43—H433 | 109.5 |
| O29—Ho1—O20 | 77.04 (12) | C14—O14—Cu1 | 125.1 (3) |
| O2W—Ho1—O20 | 154.61 (12) | C14—O24—Cu2 | 122.1 (3) |
| O17—Ho1—O19 | 90.55 (11) | O24—C14—O14 | 124.8 (5) |
| O1W—Ho1—O19 | 69.15 (11) | O24—C14—C24 | 120.7 (5) |
| O18—Ho1—O19 | 139.70 (12) | O14—C14—C24 | 114.5 (5) |
| O10—Ho1—O19 | 137.13 (12) | C34—C24—C14 | 125.3 (6) |
| O29—Ho1—O19 | 51.59 (11) | C34—C24—H24 | 117.4 |
| O2W—Ho1—O19 | 70.65 (11) | C14—C24—H24 | 117.4 |
| O20—Ho1—O19 | 113.99 (12) | C24—C34—C44 | 126.0 (6) |
| O17—Ho1—C10 | 100.30 (14) | C24—C34—H34 | 117.0 |
| O1W—Ho1—C10 | 101.70 (14) | C44—C34—H34 | 117.0 |
| O18—Ho1—C10 | 79.30 (14) | C34—C44—H441 | 109.5 |
| O10—Ho1—C10 | 27.41 (13) | C34—C44—H442 | 109.5 |
| O29—Ho1—C10 | 80.15 (14) | H441—C44—H442 | 109.5 |
| O2W—Ho1—C10 | 160.21 (14) | C34—C44—H443 | 109.5 |
| O20—Ho1—C10 | 26.79 (13) | H441—C44—H443 | 109.5 |
| O19—Ho1—C10 | 129.13 (13) | H442—C44—H443 | 109.5 |
| O17—Ho1—O28 | 65.47 (11) | C15—O15—Ho2 | 92.3 (3) |
| O1W—Ho1—O28 | 120.94 (11) | C15—O25—Ho2 | 94.3 (3) |
| O18—Ho1—O28 | 49.06 (11) | O15—C15—O25 | 119.4 (5) |
| O10—Ho1—O28 | 74.49 (12) | O15—C15—C25 | 117.7 (5) |
| O29—Ho1—O28 | 147.11 (11) | O25—C15—C25 | 122.8 (5) |
| O2W—Ho1—O28 | 67.79 (11) | C35—C25—C15 | 123.7 (6) |
| O20—Ho1—O28 | 110.60 (12) | C35—C25—H25 | 118.2 |
| O19—Ho1—O28 | 135.29 (10) | C15—C25—H25 | 118.2 |
| C10—Ho1—O28 | 93.36 (14) | C25—C35—C45 | 125.3 (7) |
| O28—Ho2—O4W | 153.86 (12) | C25—C35—H35 | 117.4 |
| O28—Ho2—O26 | 84.46 (12) | C45—C35—H35 | 117.4 |
| O4W—Ho2—O26 | 92.03 (12) | C35—C45—H451 | 109.5 |
| O28—Ho2—O3W | 78.27 (12) | C35—C45—H452 | 109.5 |
| O4W—Ho2—O3W | 82.01 (12) | H451—C45—H452 | 109.5 |
| O26—Ho2—O3W | 122.71 (11) | C35—C45—H453 | 109.5 |
| O28—Ho2—O25 | 78.79 (12) | H451—C45—H453 | 109.5 |
| O4W—Ho2—O25 | 126.57 (12) | H452—C45—H453 | 109.5 |
| O26—Ho2—O25 | 82.95 (12) | C16—O16—Cu1ii | 130.2 (3) |
| O3W—Ho2—O25 | 143.21 (12) | C16—O16—Ho2 | 87.8 (3) |
| O28—Ho2—O27 | 118.99 (12) | Cu1ii—O16—Ho2 | 136.55 (14) |
| O4W—Ho2—O27 | 74.51 (12) | C16—O26—Ho2 | 100.8 (3) |
| O26—Ho2—O27 | 150.39 (11) | O16—C16—O26 | 119.7 (4) |
| O3W—Ho2—O27 | 82.13 (12) | O16—C16—C26 | 120.3 (5) |
| O25—Ho2—O27 | 84.32 (12) | O26—C16—C26 | 120.0 (4) |
| O28—Ho2—O15 | 129.71 (12) | C36—C26—C16 | 123.6 (5) |
| O4W—Ho2—O15 | 73.50 (12) | C36—C26—H26 | 118.2 |
| O26—Ho2—O15 | 75.11 (11) | C16—C26—H26 | 118.2 |
| O3W—Ho2—O15 | 150.52 (12) | C26—C36—C46 | 125.8 (6) |
| O25—Ho2—O15 | 53.73 (12) | C26—C36—H36 | 117.1 |
| O27—Ho2—O15 | 75.79 (12) | C46—C36—H36 | 117.1 |
| O28—Ho2—O16 | 88.38 (12) | C36—C46—H461 | 109.5 |
| O4W—Ho2—O16 | 69.54 (11) | C36—C46—H462 | 109.5 |
| O26—Ho2—O16 | 51.66 (10) | H461—C46—H462 | 109.5 |
| O3W—Ho2—O16 | 73.46 (11) | C36—C46—H463 | 109.5 |
| O25—Ho2—O16 | 133.95 (11) | H461—C46—H463 | 109.5 |
| O27—Ho2—O16 | 138.68 (11) | H462—C46—H463 | 109.5 |
| O15—Ho2—O16 | 111.57 (11) | C17—O17—Ho1 | 154.1 (3) |
| O28—Ho2—O17 | 68.17 (12) | C17—O17—Ho2 | 88.5 (3) |
| O4W—Ho2—O17 | 121.43 (11) | Ho1—O17—Ho2 | 115.70 (12) |
| O26—Ho2—O17 | 146.01 (11) | C17—O27—Ho2 | 100.6 (3) |
| O3W—Ho2—O17 | 72.35 (11) | O27—C17—O17 | 118.6 (4) |
| O25—Ho2—O17 | 72.57 (11) | O27—C17—C27 | 121.5 (4) |
| O27—Ho2—O17 | 50.84 (10) | O17—C17—C27 | 119.9 (5) |
| O15—Ho2—O17 | 106.72 (11) | O27—C17—Ho2 | 54.1 (2) |
| O16—Ho2—O17 | 141.66 (10) | O17—C17—Ho2 | 65.6 (3) |
| O28—Ho2—C17 | 93.83 (14) | C27—C17—Ho2 | 167.4 (4) |
| O4W—Ho2—C17 | 96.66 (13) | C37—C27—C17 | 123.0 (5) |
| O26—Ho2—C17 | 163.08 (13) | C37—C27—H27 | 118.5 |
| O3W—Ho2—C17 | 73.06 (12) | C17—C27—H27 | 118.5 |
| O25—Ho2—C17 | 80.22 (13) | C27—C37—C47 | 124.5 (6) |
| O27—Ho2—C17 | 25.24 (11) | C27—C37—H37 | 117.7 |
| O15—Ho2—C17 | 93.46 (13) | C47—C37—H37 | 117.7 |
| O16—Ho2—C17 | 145.23 (12) | C37—C47—H471 | 109.5 |
| O17—Ho2—C17 | 25.92 (11) | C37—C47—H472 | 109.5 |
| O12—Cu1—O13 | 88.88 (16) | H471—C47—H472 | 109.5 |
| O12—Cu1—O14 | 167.90 (15) | C37—C47—H473 | 109.5 |
| O13—Cu1—O14 | 89.40 (16) | H471—C47—H473 | 109.5 |
| O12—Cu1—O11 | 90.28 (15) | H472—C47—H473 | 109.5 |
| O13—Cu1—O11 | 166.73 (15) | C18—O18—Ho1 | 106.2 (3) |
| O14—Cu1—O11 | 88.65 (15) | C18—O28—Ho2 | 163.0 (4) |
| O12—Cu1—O16i | 102.25 (14) | C18—O28—Ho1 | 85.3 (3) |
| O13—Cu1—O16i | 103.16 (14) | Ho2—O28—Ho1 | 110.63 (13) |
| O14—Cu1—O16i | 89.80 (14) | O18—C18—O28 | 119.3 (5) |
| O11—Cu1—O16i | 89.96 (13) | O18—C18—C28 | 121.0 (5) |
| O12—Cu1—Cu2 | 85.23 (11) | O28—C18—C28 | 119.7 (5) |
| O13—Cu1—Cu2 | 83.69 (11) | C38—C28—C18 | 123.1 (7) |
| O14—Cu1—Cu2 | 82.68 (11) | C38—C28—H28 | 118.5 |
| O11—Cu1—Cu2 | 83.04 (11) | C18—C28—H28 | 118.5 |
| O16i—Cu1—Cu2 | 169.82 (9) | C28—C38—C48 | 124.9 (9) |
| O21—Cu2—O23 | 168.65 (16) | C28—C38—H38 | 117.6 |
| O21—Cu2—O24 | 89.72 (16) | C48—C38—H38 | 117.6 |
| O23—Cu2—O24 | 91.67 (15) | C38—C48—H481 | 109.5 |
| O21—Cu2—O22 | 87.21 (16) | C38—C48—H482 | 109.5 |
| O23—Cu2—O22 | 89.05 (15) | H481—C48—H482 | 109.5 |
| O24—Cu2—O22 | 167.66 (15) | C38—C48—H483 | 109.5 |
| O21—Cu2—O19 | 100.40 (14) | H481—C48—H483 | 109.5 |
| O23—Cu2—O19 | 90.55 (14) | H482—C48—H483 | 109.5 |
| O24—Cu2—O19 | 98.19 (14) | C19—O19—Cu2 | 129.3 (3) |
| O22—Cu2—O19 | 94.12 (14) | C19—O19—Ho1 | 87.9 (3) |
| O21—Cu2—Cu1 | 84.83 (11) | Cu2—O19—Ho1 | 138.47 (15) |
| O23—Cu2—Cu1 | 84.07 (11) | C19—O29—Ho1 | 100.7 (3) |
| O24—Cu2—Cu1 | 85.14 (11) | O29—C19—O19 | 119.7 (5) |
| O22—Cu2—Cu1 | 82.68 (11) | O29—C19—C29 | 122.2 (5) |
| O19—Cu2—Cu1 | 173.77 (9) | O19—C19—C29 | 117.9 (5) |
| C11—O11—Cu1 | 123.2 (3) | C39—C29—C19 | 124.3 (7) |
| C11—O21—Cu2 | 123.8 (3) | C39—C29—H29 | 117.9 |
| O21—C11—O11 | 124.9 (5) | C19—C29—H29 | 117.9 |
| O21—C11—C21 | 118.8 (5) | C29—C39—C49 | 125.2 (8) |
| O11—C11—C21 | 116.3 (5) | C29—C39—H39 | 117.4 |
| C31—C21—C11 | 123.1 (6) | C49—C39—H39 | 117.4 |
| C31—C21—H21 | 118.4 | C39—C49—H491 | 109.5 |
| C11—C21—H21 | 118.4 | C39—C49—H492 | 109.5 |
| C21—C31—C41 | 124.8 (7) | H491—C49—H492 | 109.5 |
| C21—C31—H31 | 117.6 | C39—C49—H493 | 109.5 |
| C41—C31—H31 | 117.6 | H491—C49—H493 | 109.5 |
| C31—C41—H411 | 109.5 | H492—C49—H493 | 109.5 |
| C31—C41—H412 | 109.5 | C10—O10—Ho1 | 94.2 (3) |
| H411—C41—H412 | 109.5 | C10—O20—Ho1 | 92.3 (3) |
| C31—C41—H413 | 109.5 | O20—C10—O10 | 119.3 (5) |
| H411—C41—H413 | 109.5 | O20—C10—C20 | 122.4 (5) |
| H412—C41—H413 | 109.5 | O10—C10—C20 | 118.3 (5) |
| C12—O12—Cu1 | 123.2 (3) | O20—C10—Ho1 | 60.9 (3) |
| C12—O22—Cu2 | 123.2 (3) | O10—C10—Ho1 | 58.4 (3) |
| O12—C12—O22 | 125.1 (5) | C20—C10—Ho1 | 175.9 (4) |
| O12—C12—C22 | 116.9 (5) | C30—C20—C10 | 124.3 (6) |
| O22—C12—C22 | 118.0 (5) | C30—C20—H20 | 117.9 |
| C32—C22—C12 | 125.1 (6) | C10—C20—H20 | 117.9 |
| C32—C22—H22 | 117.4 | C20—C30—C40 | 127.3 (6) |
| C12—C22—H22 | 117.4 | C20—C30—H30 | 116.3 |
| C22—C32—C42 | 125.4 (6) | C40—C30—H30 | 116.3 |
| C22—C32—H32 | 117.3 | C30—C40—H401 | 109.5 |
| C42—C32—H32 | 117.3 | C30—C40—H402 | 109.5 |
| C32—C42—H421 | 109.5 | H401—C40—H402 | 109.5 |
| C32—C42—H422 | 109.5 | C30—C40—H403 | 109.5 |
| H421—C42—H422 | 109.5 | H401—C40—H403 | 109.5 |
| C32—C42—H423 | 109.5 | H402—C40—H403 | 109.5 |
| OW···O | d (Å) | OW···O | d (Å) | |
| O1W···O18 | 2.948 (5) | O3W···O28 | 2.957 (5) | |
| O1W···O19 | 2.815 (5) | O4W···O14i | 2.645 (5) | |
| O1W···O20 | 2.895 (5) | O4W···O15 | 2.853 (5) | |
| O1W···O22 | 2.763 (5) | O4W···O16 | 2.839 (4) | |
| O1W···O5W | 2.632 (5) | O4W···O27 | 2.854 (5) | |
| O2W···O19 | 2.900 (5) | O4W···O7Wii | 2.703 (5) | |
| O2W···O23 | 2.777 (5) | O5W···O27iii | 2.848 (5) | |
| O2W···O25 | 2.734 (5) | O5W···O6W | 2.800 (5) | |
| O2W···O28 | 2.905 (5) | O6W···O15iii | 2.788 (5) | |
| O3W···O10 | 2.675 (5) | O6W···O26iv | 2.858 (5) | |
| O3W···O11i | 2.766 (5) | O6W···O7W | 2.867 (5) |
Selected bond lengths (Å)
| Ho1—O17 | 2.322 (3) |
| Ho1—O1 | 2.323 (3) |
| Ho1—O18 | 2.356 (3) |
| Ho1—O10 | 2.362 (4) |
| Ho1—O29 | 2.365 (3) |
| Ho1—O2 | 2.386 (3) |
| Ho1—O20 | 2.418 (3) |
| Ho1—O19 | 2.619 (3) |
| Ho1—O28 | 2.789 (4) |
| Ho2—O28 | 2.316 (3) |
| Ho2—O4 | 2.322 (3) |
| Ho2—O26 | 2.357 (3) |
| Ho2—O3 | 2.368 (3) |
| Ho2—O25 | 2.382 (3) |
| Ho2—O27 | 2.392 (3) |
| Ho2—O15 | 2.443 (3) |
| Ho2—O16 | 2.635 (3) |
| Ho2—O17 | 2.642 (3) |
| Cu1—O12 | 1.939 (3) |
| Cu1—O13 | 1.949 (4) |
| Cu1—O14 | 1.961 (3) |
| Cu1—O11 | 1.978 (3) |
| Cu1—O16i | 2.215 (3) |
| Cu2—O21 | 1.938 (4) |
| Cu2—O23 | 1.968 (3) |
| Cu2—O24 | 1.971 (3) |
| Cu2—O22 | 1.989 (3) |
| Cu2—O19 | 2.178 (3) |
Symmetry code: (i) .
Short OW⋯O contacts (< 3.00 Å) attributable to hydrogen bonding
| O | O | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O1 | 2.948 (5) | O3 | 2.957 (5) | |
| O1 | 2.815 (5) | O4 | 2.645 (5) | |
| O1 | 2.895 (5) | O4 | 2.853 (5) | |
| O1 | 2.763 (5) | O4 | 2.839 (4) | |
| O1 | 2.632 (5) | O4 | 2.854 (5) | |
| O2 | 2.900 (5) | O4 | 2.703 (5) | |
| O2 | 2.777 (5) | O5 | 2.848 (5) | |
| O2 | 2.734 (5) | O5 | 2.800 (5) | |
| O2 | 2.905 (5) | O6 | 2.788 (5) | |
| O3 | 2.675 (5) | O6 | 2.858 (5) | |
| O3 | 2.766 (5) | O6 | 2.867 (5) |
Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) .