| Literature DB >> 21578590 |
Dan-Yi Wei1, Yan-Guang Zhang, Mei-Li Wang, Zhen-Ke Zhu.
Abstract
The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Er(2)(C(10)H(8)O(6))(3)(H(2)O)(4)]·6H(2)O, comprises one Er(3+) ion, one and a half 2,2'-(p-phenyl-enedi-oxy)diacetate (hqda) ligands, two coordinated water mol-ecules and three uncoordinated water mol-ecules. The Er(3+) ion is nine-coordinated by seven O atoms from hqda ligands and two O atoms from water mol-ecules. In the title compound, there are two types of crystallographically independent ligands: one with an inversion center in the middle of the ligand is chelating on both ends of the ligand towards each one Er center; the other hqda ligands are bridging-chelating on one side, and bridging on the other end of the ligand. Two adjacent Er(3+) ions are thus chelated and bridged by -COO groups from hqda ligands in three coordination modes (briding-chelating, bridging and chelating). These building blocks are linked by OOC-CH(2)O-C(6)H(4)-OCH(2)-COO spacers, forming two-dimensional neutral layers. Adjacent layers are linked by O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional supermolecular network.Entities:
Year: 2009 PMID: 21578590 PMCID: PMC2971814 DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809046613
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online ISSN: 1600-5368
| [Er2(C10H8O6)3(H2O)4]·6H2O | |
| Triclinic, | |
| Hall symbol: -P 1 | Mo |
| Cell parameters from 8985 reflections | |
| θ = 3.2–27.5° | |
| µ = 4.40 mm−1 | |
| α = 102.46 (3)° | |
| β = 95.28 (3)° | Block, pink |
| γ = 106.69 (3)° | 0.43 × 0.29 × 0.15 mm |
| Rigaku R-AXIS RAPID diffractometer | 4403 independent reflections |
| Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 4219 reflections with |
| graphite | |
| Detector resolution: 0 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 3.2° |
| ω scans | |
| Absorption correction: multi-scan ( | |
| 9659 measured reflections |
| Refinement on | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
| Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
| Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites | |
| H-atom parameters constrained | |
| 4403 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
| 271 parameters | Δρmax = 0.46 e Å−3 |
| 1 restraint | Δρmin = −1.08 e Å−3 |
| Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
| Refinement. Refinement of |
| Er1 | 0.869905 (13) | 0.797688 (12) | −0.007667 (8) | 0.01362 (4) | |
| O1 | 0.7733 (2) | 0.9698 (2) | 0.10577 (15) | 0.0238 (4) | |
| O2 | 0.9134 (2) | 1.2049 (2) | 0.10636 (14) | 0.0220 (4) | |
| O3 | 0.5844 (2) | 1.0620 (2) | 0.24732 (14) | 0.0230 (4) | |
| O4 | 0.7484 (3) | 0.8777 (2) | 0.61490 (15) | 0.0307 (5) | |
| O5 | 0.8979 (2) | 1.0035 (2) | 0.90125 (13) | 0.0189 (4) | |
| O6 | 0.7683 (3) | 0.7795 (2) | 0.79481 (15) | 0.0295 (5) | |
| O7 | 1.0417 (2) | 0.6690 (2) | 0.07609 (14) | 0.0224 (4) | |
| O8 | 0.8399 (2) | 0.7140 (2) | 0.15645 (15) | 0.0239 (4) | |
| O9 | 0.9096 (3) | 0.5949 (3) | 0.32042 (15) | 0.0267 (5) | |
| O10 | 0.7747 (2) | 0.5361 (2) | −0.08718 (17) | 0.0293 (5) | |
| H10D | 0.8146 | 0.4726 | −0.0746 | 0.044* | |
| H10C | 0.6899 | 0.4916 | −0.1317 | 0.044* | |
| O11 | 0.5849 (3) | 0.7150 (3) | −0.03432 (19) | 0.0386 (6) | |
| H11D | 0.5209 | 0.7517 | −0.0033 | 0.058* | |
| H11C | 0.5269 | 0.6420 | −0.0823 | 0.058* | |
| C1 | 0.8034 (3) | 1.1075 (3) | 0.13378 (19) | 0.0173 (5) | |
| C2 | 0.6953 (4) | 1.1713 (3) | 0.2068 (2) | 0.0235 (6) | |
| H2B | 0.7656 | 1.2496 | 0.2684 | 0.028* | |
| H2A | 0.6324 | 1.2167 | 0.1655 | 0.028* | |
| C3 | 0.6421 (3) | 1.0209 (3) | 0.3382 (2) | 0.0211 (6) | |
| C4 | 0.5518 (4) | 0.8850 (4) | 0.3518 (2) | 0.0339 (7) | |
| H4A | 0.4639 | 0.8225 | 0.2982 | 0.041* | |
| C5 | 0.5904 (4) | 0.8402 (4) | 0.4447 (2) | 0.0360 (7) | |
| H5A | 0.5279 | 0.7483 | 0.4534 | 0.043* | |
| C6 | 0.7213 (4) | 0.9312 (3) | 0.5240 (2) | 0.0241 (6) | |
| C7 | 0.8153 (4) | 1.0642 (4) | 0.5093 (3) | 0.0423 (9) | |
| H7A | 0.9059 | 1.1246 | 0.5616 | 0.051* | |
| C8 | 0.7750 (4) | 1.1096 (4) | 0.4154 (3) | 0.0430 (9) | |
| H8A | 0.8390 | 1.2002 | 0.4056 | 0.052* | |
| C9 | 0.8428 (4) | 0.9852 (3) | 0.7110 (2) | 0.0261 (6) | |
| H9B | 0.8012 | 1.0699 | 0.7253 | 0.031* | |
| H9A | 0.9565 | 1.0214 | 0.7010 | 0.031* | |
| C10 | 0.8329 (3) | 0.9155 (3) | 0.8065 (2) | 0.0190 (5) | |
| C11 | 0.9563 (3) | 0.6601 (3) | 0.15137 (19) | 0.0181 (5) | |
| C12 | 1.0010 (4) | 0.5810 (4) | 0.2341 (2) | 0.0243 (6) | |
| H12B | 0.9788 | 0.4759 | 0.1988 | 0.029* | |
| H12A | 1.1177 | 0.6239 | 0.2631 | 0.029* | |
| C13 | 0.9586 (3) | 0.5444 (3) | 0.4075 (2) | 0.0206 (5) | |
| C14 | 0.8822 (3) | 0.5722 (3) | 0.4975 (2) | 0.0232 (6) | |
| H14A | 0.8028 | 0.6202 | 0.4956 | 0.028* | |
| C15 | 1.0760 (3) | 0.4714 (3) | 0.4092 (2) | 0.0230 (6) | |
| H15A | 1.1263 | 0.4517 | 0.3484 | 0.028* | |
| O12 | 0.4607 (3) | 0.4588 (3) | −0.19590 (18) | 0.0376 (5) | |
| H12D | 0.3720 | 0.3998 | −0.1934 | 0.056* | |
| H12C | 0.4699 | 0.4849 | −0.2530 | 0.056* | |
| O13 | 0.3829 (3) | 0.8206 (4) | 0.0782 (2) | 0.0567 (8) | |
| H13D | 0.2831 | 0.8057 | 0.0727 | 0.085* | |
| H13C | 0.4297 | 0.9046 | 0.1180 | 0.085* | |
| O14 | 0.5142 (4) | 0.5730 (4) | 0.6226 (2) | 0.0636 (8) | |
| H14C | 0.5877 | 0.6523 | 0.6493 | 0.095* | |
| H14D | 0.4202 | 0.5660 | 0.5976 | 0.095* |
| Er1 | 0.01580 (6) | 0.01211 (7) | 0.01281 (6) | 0.00315 (5) | 0.00181 (4) | 0.00477 (4) |
| O1 | 0.0278 (10) | 0.0177 (11) | 0.0276 (10) | 0.0072 (9) | 0.0128 (8) | 0.0058 (8) |
| O2 | 0.0267 (10) | 0.0182 (11) | 0.0226 (9) | 0.0063 (9) | 0.0097 (8) | 0.0070 (8) |
| O3 | 0.0216 (9) | 0.0332 (12) | 0.0170 (8) | 0.0080 (9) | 0.0051 (8) | 0.0121 (9) |
| O4 | 0.0492 (13) | 0.0192 (11) | 0.0153 (9) | 0.0017 (10) | −0.0075 (9) | 0.0049 (8) |
| O5 | 0.0204 (9) | 0.0196 (10) | 0.0136 (8) | 0.0039 (8) | −0.0023 (7) | 0.0033 (7) |
| O6 | 0.0401 (12) | 0.0184 (11) | 0.0222 (9) | −0.0010 (10) | −0.0054 (9) | 0.0071 (9) |
| O7 | 0.0259 (10) | 0.0254 (11) | 0.0203 (9) | 0.0089 (9) | 0.0066 (8) | 0.0128 (8) |
| O8 | 0.0283 (10) | 0.0270 (12) | 0.0234 (9) | 0.0126 (9) | 0.0078 (8) | 0.0140 (9) |
| O9 | 0.0357 (11) | 0.0370 (13) | 0.0191 (9) | 0.0213 (11) | 0.0086 (8) | 0.0164 (9) |
| O10 | 0.0248 (10) | 0.0174 (11) | 0.0422 (11) | 0.0076 (9) | −0.0026 (9) | 0.0024 (9) |
| O11 | 0.0191 (10) | 0.0379 (15) | 0.0471 (13) | 0.0097 (11) | −0.0015 (10) | −0.0118 (11) |
| C1 | 0.0199 (12) | 0.0210 (15) | 0.0123 (11) | 0.0076 (11) | 0.0018 (10) | 0.0057 (10) |
| C2 | 0.0336 (15) | 0.0248 (16) | 0.0195 (12) | 0.0145 (14) | 0.0110 (12) | 0.0110 (12) |
| C3 | 0.0233 (13) | 0.0291 (16) | 0.0135 (11) | 0.0096 (13) | 0.0060 (10) | 0.0079 (11) |
| C4 | 0.0394 (18) | 0.0275 (18) | 0.0242 (14) | −0.0007 (15) | −0.0117 (13) | 0.0069 (13) |
| C5 | 0.050 (2) | 0.0211 (17) | 0.0260 (14) | −0.0022 (15) | −0.0099 (14) | 0.0078 (13) |
| C6 | 0.0339 (15) | 0.0229 (16) | 0.0145 (11) | 0.0078 (13) | 0.0009 (11) | 0.0059 (11) |
| C7 | 0.0423 (19) | 0.042 (2) | 0.0264 (15) | −0.0108 (17) | −0.0125 (14) | 0.0158 (15) |
| C8 | 0.0414 (19) | 0.041 (2) | 0.0341 (17) | −0.0128 (17) | −0.0065 (15) | 0.0236 (17) |
| C9 | 0.0363 (16) | 0.0221 (16) | 0.0147 (12) | 0.0023 (13) | −0.0018 (11) | 0.0056 (11) |
| C10 | 0.0196 (13) | 0.0215 (15) | 0.0164 (11) | 0.0066 (12) | 0.0010 (10) | 0.0060 (11) |
| C11 | 0.0234 (13) | 0.0131 (13) | 0.0145 (11) | 0.0014 (11) | −0.0009 (10) | 0.0039 (10) |
| C12 | 0.0328 (15) | 0.0282 (17) | 0.0199 (12) | 0.0147 (14) | 0.0086 (12) | 0.0139 (12) |
| C13 | 0.0277 (14) | 0.0196 (15) | 0.0165 (12) | 0.0080 (12) | 0.0024 (10) | 0.0087 (11) |
| C14 | 0.0261 (14) | 0.0264 (16) | 0.0232 (13) | 0.0142 (13) | 0.0056 (11) | 0.0106 (12) |
| C15 | 0.0299 (15) | 0.0252 (16) | 0.0186 (12) | 0.0124 (13) | 0.0076 (11) | 0.0090 (12) |
| O12 | 0.0275 (11) | 0.0397 (15) | 0.0333 (11) | −0.0039 (11) | −0.0022 (9) | 0.0064 (11) |
| O13 | 0.0216 (12) | 0.067 (2) | 0.0594 (16) | 0.0098 (13) | −0.0010 (11) | −0.0214 (15) |
| O14 | 0.0631 (19) | 0.052 (2) | 0.0439 (15) | −0.0218 (16) | −0.0011 (13) | 0.0059 (14) |
| Er1—O11 | 2.317 (2) | C1—C2 | 1.531 (3) |
| Er1—O2i | 2.3415 (18) | C2—H2B | 0.9700 |
| Er1—O1 | 2.3437 (19) | C2—H2A | 0.9700 |
| Er1—O10 | 2.368 (2) | C3—C8 | 1.366 (4) |
| Er1—O5ii | 2.381 (2) | C3—C4 | 1.373 (4) |
| Er1—O8 | 2.3996 (18) | C4—C5 | 1.383 (4) |
| Er1—O5iii | 2.4684 (19) | C4—H4A | 0.9300 |
| Er1—O7 | 2.4864 (19) | C5—C6 | 1.376 (4) |
| Er1—O6iii | 2.529 (2) | C5—H5A | 0.9300 |
| Er1—C11 | 2.798 (2) | C6—C7 | 1.366 (5) |
| Er1—C10iii | 2.859 (3) | C7—C8 | 1.403 (4) |
| Er1—Er1i | 3.8505 (13) | C7—H7A | 0.9300 |
| O1—C1 | 1.240 (3) | C8—H8A | 0.9300 |
| O2—C1 | 1.260 (3) | C9—C10 | 1.505 (3) |
| O2—Er1i | 2.3415 (18) | C9—H9B | 0.9700 |
| O3—C3 | 1.392 (3) | C9—H9A | 0.9700 |
| O3—C2 | 1.425 (3) | C10—Er1iv | 2.859 (3) |
| O4—C6 | 1.388 (3) | C11—C12 | 1.506 (3) |
| O4—C9 | 1.417 (3) | C12—H12B | 0.9700 |
| O5—C10 | 1.281 (3) | C12—H12A | 0.9700 |
| O5—Er1ii | 2.381 (2) | C13—C14 | 1.384 (4) |
| O5—Er1iv | 2.4684 (19) | C13—C15 | 1.388 (4) |
| O6—C10 | 1.237 (4) | C14—C15v | 1.388 (3) |
| O6—Er1iv | 2.529 (2) | C14—H14A | 0.9300 |
| O7—C11 | 1.260 (3) | C15—C14v | 1.388 (3) |
| O8—C11 | 1.254 (3) | C15—H15A | 0.9300 |
| O9—C13 | 1.378 (3) | O12—H12D | 0.8176 |
| O9—C12 | 1.411 (3) | O12—H12C | 0.8196 |
| O10—H10D | 0.8194 | O13—H13D | 0.8221 |
| O10—H10C | 0.8213 | O13—H13C | 0.8190 |
| O11—H11D | 0.8212 | O14—H14C | 0.8180 |
| O11—H11C | 0.8194 | O14—H14D | 0.8188 |
| O11—Er1—O2i | 140.01 (8) | C10—O6—Er1iv | 92.30 (16) |
| O11—Er1—O1 | 69.84 (8) | C11—O7—Er1 | 90.52 (15) |
| O2i—Er1—O1 | 139.47 (7) | C11—O8—Er1 | 94.74 (14) |
| O11—Er1—O10 | 71.00 (8) | C13—O9—C12 | 114.6 (2) |
| O2i—Er1—O10 | 84.46 (8) | Er1—O10—H10D | 128.3 |
| O1—Er1—O10 | 135.94 (7) | Er1—O10—H10C | 124.8 |
| O11—Er1—O5ii | 141.78 (7) | H10D—O10—H10C | 106.9 |
| O2i—Er1—O5ii | 74.46 (7) | Er1—O11—H11D | 130.0 |
| O1—Er1—O5ii | 71.96 (7) | Er1—O11—H11C | 124.3 |
| O10—Er1—O5ii | 142.81 (7) | H11D—O11—H11C | 105.6 |
| O11—Er1—O8 | 82.71 (8) | O1—C1—O2 | 127.0 (2) |
| O2i—Er1—O8 | 125.12 (6) | O1—C1—C2 | 118.6 (2) |
| O1—Er1—O8 | 74.50 (7) | O2—C1—C2 | 114.3 (2) |
| O10—Er1—O8 | 81.33 (8) | O3—C2—C1 | 113.5 (2) |
| O5ii—Er1—O8 | 86.19 (7) | O3—C2—H2B | 108.9 |
| O11—Er1—O5iii | 96.38 (8) | C1—C2—H2B | 108.9 |
| O2i—Er1—O5iii | 74.53 (6) | O3—C2—H2A | 108.9 |
| O1—Er1—O5iii | 75.37 (6) | C1—C2—H2A | 108.9 |
| O10—Er1—O5iii | 128.65 (7) | H2B—C2—H2A | 107.7 |
| O5ii—Er1—O5iii | 74.90 (7) | C8—C3—C4 | 119.4 (2) |
| O8—Er1—O5iii | 148.16 (7) | C8—C3—O3 | 124.3 (3) |
| O11—Er1—O7 | 123.14 (8) | C4—C3—O3 | 116.3 (3) |
| O2i—Er1—O7 | 72.14 (6) | C3—C4—C5 | 120.6 (3) |
| O1—Er1—O7 | 119.42 (7) | C3—C4—H4A | 119.7 |
| O10—Er1—O7 | 68.62 (7) | C5—C4—H4A | 119.7 |
| O5ii—Er1—O7 | 75.81 (7) | C6—C5—C4 | 120.1 (3) |
| O8—Er1—O7 | 53.28 (6) | C6—C5—H5A | 120.0 |
| O5iii—Er1—O7 | 140.25 (6) | C4—C5—H5A | 120.0 |
| O11—Er1—O6iii | 72.43 (8) | C7—C6—C5 | 119.6 (3) |
| O2i—Er1—O6iii | 71.57 (7) | C7—C6—O4 | 124.5 (3) |
| O1—Er1—O6iii | 108.94 (7) | C5—C6—O4 | 115.8 (3) |
| O10—Er1—O6iii | 77.05 (8) | C6—C7—C8 | 120.0 (3) |
| O5ii—Er1—O6iii | 122.41 (7) | C6—C7—H7A | 120.0 |
| O8—Er1—O6iii | 151.20 (7) | C8—C7—H7A | 120.0 |
| O5iii—Er1—O6iii | 52.04 (7) | C3—C8—C7 | 120.2 (3) |
| O7—Er1—O6iii | 131.64 (7) | C3—C8—H8A | 119.9 |
| O11—Er1—C11 | 103.21 (9) | C7—C8—H8A | 119.9 |
| O2i—Er1—C11 | 98.81 (7) | O4—C9—C10 | 109.7 (2) |
| O1—Er1—C11 | 97.32 (7) | O4—C9—H9B | 109.7 |
| O10—Er1—C11 | 72.86 (8) | C10—C9—H9B | 109.7 |
| O5ii—Er1—C11 | 80.41 (7) | O4—C9—H9A | 109.7 |
| O8—Er1—C11 | 26.52 (7) | C10—C9—H9A | 109.7 |
| O5iii—Er1—C11 | 155.31 (7) | H9B—C9—H9A | 108.2 |
| O7—Er1—C11 | 26.77 (7) | O6—C10—O5 | 121.1 (2) |
| O6iii—Er1—C11 | 149.19 (7) | O6—C10—C9 | 122.2 (2) |
| O11—Er1—C10iii | 85.37 (9) | O5—C10—C9 | 116.7 (3) |
| O2i—Er1—C10iii | 69.14 (7) | O6—C10—Er1iv | 62.09 (14) |
| O1—Er1—C10iii | 94.05 (7) | O5—C10—Er1iv | 59.45 (13) |
| O10—Er1—C10iii | 102.16 (8) | C9—C10—Er1iv | 170.90 (19) |
| O5ii—Er1—C10iii | 98.49 (8) | O8—C11—O7 | 121.4 (2) |
| O8—Er1—C10iii | 165.74 (7) | O8—C11—C12 | 122.0 (2) |
| O5iii—Er1—C10iii | 26.56 (7) | O7—C11—C12 | 116.5 (2) |
| O7—Er1—C10iii | 140.92 (7) | O8—C11—Er1 | 58.74 (12) |
| O6iii—Er1—C10iii | 25.61 (7) | O7—C11—Er1 | 62.71 (12) |
| C11—Er1—C10iii | 167.59 (7) | C12—C11—Er1 | 178.07 (19) |
| O11—Er1—Er1i | 123.86 (7) | O9—C12—C11 | 110.6 (2) |
| O2i—Er1—Er1i | 70.32 (5) | O9—C12—H12B | 109.5 |
| O1—Er1—Er1i | 69.30 (5) | C11—C12—H12B | 109.5 |
| O10—Er1—Er1i | 153.26 (5) | O9—C12—H12A | 109.5 |
| O5ii—Er1—Er1i | 38.24 (4) | C11—C12—H12A | 109.5 |
| O8—Er1—Er1i | 120.23 (6) | H12B—C12—H12A | 108.1 |
| O5iii—Er1—Er1i | 36.66 (5) | O9—C13—C14 | 115.1 (2) |
| O7—Er1—Er1i | 109.95 (5) | O9—C13—C15 | 124.5 (2) |
| O6iii—Er1—Er1i | 86.39 (6) | C14—C13—C15 | 120.3 (2) |
| C11—Er1—Er1i | 118.65 (6) | C13—C14—C15v | 120.2 (2) |
| C10iii—Er1—Er1i | 61.18 (7) | C13—C14—H14A | 119.9 |
| C1—O1—Er1 | 137.57 (17) | C15v—C14—H14A | 119.9 |
| C1—O2—Er1i | 135.37 (17) | C13—C15—C14v | 119.5 (2) |
| C3—O3—C2 | 119.0 (2) | C13—C15—H15A | 120.2 |
| C6—O4—C9 | 116.5 (2) | C14v—C15—H15A | 120.2 |
| C10—O5—Er1ii | 146.22 (17) | H12D—O12—H12C | 116.6 |
| C10—O5—Er1iv | 93.99 (16) | H13D—O13—H13C | 108.2 |
| Er1ii—O5—Er1iv | 105.10 (7) | H14C—O14—H14D | 124.5 |
| H··· | ||||
| O10—H10D···O7vi | 0.82 | 2.09 | 2.880 (4) | 163 |
| O10—H10C···O12 | 0.82 | 1.97 | 2.732 (4) | 154 |
| O11—H11D···O13 | 0.82 | 1.82 | 2.634 (4) | 173 |
| O11—H11C···O12 | 0.82 | 1.92 | 2.709 (4) | 161 |
| O12—H12D···O8vii | 0.82 | 2.00 | 2.798 (4) | 167 |
| O12—H12C···O14iii | 0.82 | 1.97 | 2.780 (4) | 172 |
| O13—H13D···O7viii | 0.82 | 2.12 | 2.872 (4) | 151 |
| O13—H13C···O3 | 0.82 | 2.03 | 2.804 (4) | 157 |
| O14—H14C···O6 | 0.82 | 2.17 | 2.874 (4) | 144 |
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)
|
|
| H⋯ |
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| O10—H10 | 0.82 | 2.09 | 2.880 (4) | 163 |
| O10—H10 | 0.82 | 1.97 | 2.732 (4) | 154 |
| O11—H11 | 0.82 | 1.82 | 2.634 (4) | 173 |
| O11—H11 | 0.82 | 1.92 | 2.709 (4) | 161 |
| O12—H12 | 0.82 | 2.00 | 2.798 (4) | 167 |
| O12—H12 | 0.82 | 1.97 | 2.780 (4) | 172 |
| O13—H13 | 0.82 | 2.12 | 2.872 (4) | 151 |
| O13—H13 | 0.82 | 2.03 | 2.804 (4) | 157 |
| O14—H14 | 0.82 | 2.17 | 2.874 (4) | 144 |
Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) ; (iv) .