OBJECTIVES: To estimate familial aggregation and the heritability of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in families assisted by the Family Doctor Program in a Brazilian city, and to evaluate associations between some environmental factors and familial aggregation of these lipids. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional familial study. METHODS: The association of lipids with sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors and comorbidities (e.g. physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, body mass index) was estimated using linear models and generalized estimating equations. Correlation of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C between pairs of relatives was estimated with the familial correlation procedure, and heritability was estimated with the ASSOC procedure. RESULTS: All associations were statistically significant. There was familial aggregation of TC (parent/offspring, r=0.33; sibling/sibling, r=0.37), LDL-C (parent/offspring, r=0.29; sibling/sibling, r=0.37) and HDL-C (parent/offspring, r=0.25; sibling/sibling, r=0.48), but less than 3%, 6% and 14%, respectively, which was explained by lifestyle factors. Correlation between pairs with genetic sharing (parent/offspring and sibling/sibling) was higher than that observed between father and mother. Heritability estimates ranged between 0.32 (HDL-C) and 0.50 (TC). Similar results were found for the two approaches used to estimate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors in the correlation of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C between the family pairs. CONCLUSION: The results showed that there is familial aggregation of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C, and point to the predominance of genetic factors because little influence of environmental variables was found.
OBJECTIVES: To estimate familial aggregation and the heritability of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) in families assisted by the Family Doctor Program in a Brazilian city, and to evaluate associations between some environmental factors and familial aggregation of these lipids. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional familial study. METHODS: The association of lipids with sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors and comorbidities (e.g. physical activity, alcohol consumption, smoking, hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, body mass index) was estimated using linear models and generalized estimating equations. Correlation of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C between pairs of relatives was estimated with the familial correlation procedure, and heritability was estimated with the ASSOC procedure. RESULTS: All associations were statistically significant. There was familial aggregation of TC (parent/offspring, r=0.33; sibling/sibling, r=0.37), LDL-C (parent/offspring, r=0.29; sibling/sibling, r=0.37) and HDL-C (parent/offspring, r=0.25; sibling/sibling, r=0.48), but less than 3%, 6% and 14%, respectively, which was explained by lifestyle factors. Correlation between pairs with genetic sharing (parent/offspring and sibling/sibling) was higher than that observed between father and mother. Heritability estimates ranged between 0.32 (HDL-C) and 0.50 (TC). Similar results were found for the two approaches used to estimate the contribution of genetic and environmental factors in the correlation of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C between the family pairs. CONCLUSION: The results showed that there is familial aggregation of TC, LDL-C and HDL-C, and point to the predominance of genetic factors because little influence of environmental variables was found.
Authors: Leslie A Lange; Youna Hu; He Zhang; Chenyi Xue; Ellen M Schmidt; Zheng-Zheng Tang; Chris Bizon; Ethan M Lange; Joshua D Smith; Emily H Turner; Goo Jun; Hyun Min Kang; Gina Peloso; Paul Auer; Kuo-Ping Li; Jason Flannick; Ji Zhang; Christian Fuchsberger; Kyle Gaulton; Cecilia Lindgren; Adam Locke; Alisa Manning; Xueling Sim; Manuel A Rivas; Oddgeir L Holmen; Omri Gottesman; Yingchang Lu; Douglas Ruderfer; Eli A Stahl; Qing Duan; Yun Li; Peter Durda; Shuo Jiao; Aaron Isaacs; Albert Hofman; Joshua C Bis; Adolfo Correa; Michael E Griswold; Johanna Jakobsdottir; Albert V Smith; Pamela J Schreiner; Mary F Feitosa; Qunyuan Zhang; Jennifer E Huffman; Jacy Crosby; Christina L Wassel; Ron Do; Nora Franceschini; Lisa W Martin; Jennifer G Robinson; Themistocles L Assimes; David R Crosslin; Elisabeth A Rosenthal; Michael Tsai; Mark J Rieder; Deborah N Farlow; Aaron R Folsom; Thomas Lumley; Ervin R Fox; Christopher S Carlson; Ulrike Peters; Rebecca D Jackson; Cornelia M van Duijn; André G Uitterlinden; Daniel Levy; Jerome I Rotter; Herman A Taylor; Vilmundur Gudnason; David S Siscovick; Myriam Fornage; Ingrid B Borecki; Caroline Hayward; Igor Rudan; Y Eugene Chen; Erwin P Bottinger; Ruth J F Loos; Pål Sætrom; Kristian Hveem; Michael Boehnke; Leif Groop; Mark McCarthy; Thomas Meitinger; Christie M Ballantyne; Stacey B Gabriel; Christopher J O'Donnell; Wendy S Post; Kari E North; Alexander P Reiner; Eric Boerwinkle; Bruce M Psaty; David Altshuler; Sekar Kathiresan; Dan-Yu Lin; Gail P Jarvik; L Adrienne Cupples; Charles Kooperberg; James G Wilson; Deborah A Nickerson; Goncalo R Abecasis; Stephen S Rich; Russell P Tracy; Cristen J Willer Journal: Am J Hum Genet Date: 2014-02-06 Impact factor: 11.025
Authors: Samuel D Moscavitch; Hye C Kang; Rubens A C Filho; Evandro T Mesquita; Hugo C C F Neto; Maria L G Rosa Journal: Diabetol Metab Syndr Date: 2016-02-09 Impact factor: 3.320