Literature DB >> 21569643

[Expression and prognostic value of AKT2 in non-small cell lung cancer].

Xiaohui Miao1, Yong Song, Tangfeng Lv, Ping Zhan, Yanling Lv, Dongmei Yuan.   

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND
OBJECTIVE: AKT2 is a critical actor in the PI3K signal transduction pathway. Activation of AKT2 can lead to cell growth and survival. It has been revealed that AKT2 play a central role in tumorigenesis, tumor growth as well as metastasis. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between AKT2 and the clinical outcome of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients by detecting its expression levels in the tumor tissue samples.
METHODS: We developed an immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay to measure AKT2 protein levels in lung specimens from 80 cases with NSCLC and 10 cases with benign pulmonary disease.
RESULTS: The positive rate of AKT2 was 57.50% (46/80) in NSCLC, which was higher than that in benign pulmonary (10.0%) samples (Chi-square=8.038, P=0.006). There was no significant correlation between AKT2 expression and the clinicopathologic profiles. The expression of AKT2 was significantly correlated with the progression free survival (PFS) (Chi-square=12.671, P=0.005) and the overall survival (OS) (Chi-square=9.851, P=0.021) of patients with NSCLC.
CONCLUSION: AKT2 may provide a prognostic bio-marker of NSCLC.

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Year:  2011        PMID: 21569643      PMCID: PMC6000327          DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2011.05.03

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi        ISSN: 1009-3419


AKT2是丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶的重要亚型之一,AKT2通过PI3K/AKT细胞信号通路,调控细胞增殖、分化及生存[。大量证据[表明,AKT2与肿瘤细胞增殖和转移过程密切相关,在多种肿瘤组织中都存在AKT2蛋白的过度表达。目前AKT2在肺癌中表达及与患者临床病理特征的关系已有相关研究[,但与患者预后关系的临床报道很少。本研究采用免疫组化方法检测肺癌组织及肺良性病变组织中的AKT2水平,旨在分析AKT2表达及其与肺癌患者的临床特征及预后的关系。

材料与方法

标本

组织标本由南京胸科医院以及南京军区南京总医院提供,2001年1月-2003年12月收集的95例原发性非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)以及10例对照组肺良性病变(1例肺结核、5例支气管扩张、3例肺大疱、1例炎性假瘤)的手术组织标本,其中15例失访,共80例纳入本研究,术前均未经放化疗。肿瘤组织学TNM分期基于2009版UICC分类法重新分期,包括42例腺癌和38例鳞癌。这项研究得到南京军区南京总医院伦理委员会同意。

方法

采用免疫组织化学染色方法(EnVision),按常规程序脱蜡和复水。通过特定兔抗人AKT2单克隆抗体(Santa Cruz公司)(用PBS液稀释成1:100)孵化过夜。PBS液冲洗后,加入山羊抗兔二抗体(二步法抗兔/鼠通用型免疫组化试剂盒丹麦Dako公司)孵化30 min。PBS液冲洗后,切片用DAB显色剂(北京中杉金桥公司)孵化30 min。用苏木素(北京中杉金桥公司)进行复染。梯度酒精脱水,二甲苯透明,中性树胶封片。AKT2细胞质染色结果按Remmele评分系统[来计算,计算阳性细胞(显棕黄色)染色密度与百分率。随机选取5个高倍镜视野,每个视野计数100个细胞,计算阳性细胞数占总细胞数的百分比,取5个视野的算术平均值。根据显色细胞的比例计分:5个视野的显色癌细胞百分比的算术平均值< 5%为(-),5%-25%为(+),25%-50%为(++), > 50%为(+++)。超过5%为阳性, < 25%(--+)为低表达组, > 25%(++-+++)为高表达组。

统计及分析

80例NSCLC患者从手术日期开始随访,至患者死亡结束,至2009年5月1日仍然生存及无疾病进展者以60个月计算。实验结果采用SPSS 17.0统计软件处理,采用χ2检验及Fisher’s精确概率检验、Kaplan-Meire生存分析,P < 0.05为有统计学差异。 AKT2在非小细胞肺癌以及良性病变组织中的表达(DAB, ×400)。A:AKT2在肺良性病变(肺大疱)组织中阴性表达;B:AKT2在肺腺癌组织中低表达;C:AKT2在肺鳞状细胞癌组织中高表达 Expression of AKT2 in NSCLC and benign lung specimens (DAB, ×400). A: Negative expression of AKT2 in benign lung specimen (pulmonary bullae); B: Low-expression of AKT2 in adenocarcinoma; C: High-expression of AKT2 in squamous cell carcinoma

结果

NSCLC及肺良性病变组织的AKT2表达(图 1)

免疫组化染色显示,AKT2定位于NSCLC和肺良性病变组织细胞质中,表达程度如肺良性病变(肺大疱)组织AKT2阴性表达组(图 1A),肺腺癌AKT2低表达组(图 1B)及肺鳞癌AKT2高表达组(图 1C)。
1

AKT2在非小细胞肺癌以及良性病变组织中的表达(DAB, ×400)。A:AKT2在肺良性病变(肺大疱)组织中阴性表达;B:AKT2在肺腺癌组织中低表达;C:AKT2在肺鳞状细胞癌组织中高表达

Expression of AKT2 in NSCLC and benign lung specimens (DAB, ×400). A: Negative expression of AKT2 in benign lung specimen (pulmonary bullae); B: Low-expression of AKT2 in adenocarcinoma; C: High-expression of AKT2 in squamous cell carcinoma

在80例NSCLC中,AKT2表达阳性为46例(阳性率为57.50%),对照组10例肺良性病变组织中,AKT2表达阳性为1例(阳性率为10.0%),两组存在统计学差异(χ2=8.038, P=0.006)。

AKT2蛋白在NSCLC组织中的表达及其与临床特征的关系

由表 1可见,AKT2表达与临床特征无明显相关性(P < 0.05)。
1

AKT2表达与患者临床特征的关系

Relationship between the expression of AKT2 and characteristics of 80 patients with NSCLC

CharacteristicnExpression of AKT2X2P
NegativePositive
All patients803446
Sex2.4170.120
  Male612338
  Female19118
Age (year)1.6660.197
   < 60381919
   ≥ 60421527
Smoking2.0350.154
  Non-smoker422121
  Smoker381325
Size of tumor3.2920.070
   ≤ 3 cm18117
   > 3 cm622339
Histology0.9480.330
  Squamous cell carcinoma381424
  Adenocarcinoma422022
N stage0.7180.397
  N0491930
  N1+N2311516
p-TNM stage0.7990.372
  Ⅰ+Ⅱ622834
  Ⅲ+Ⅳ18612
Grade0.3890.533
  Well/Moderate512328
  Poor291118
AKT2表达与患者临床特征的关系 Relationship between the expression of AKT2 and characteristics of 80 patients with NSCLC

AKT2与NSCLC的无疾病进展生存期(progression-free survival, PFS)和总生存期(overall survival, OS)关系

至随访结束时,生存人数为28例,生存率为35.00%。无疾病进展生存人数为19例。肿瘤中AKT2阳性表达与患者的PFS及OS相关(PFS: χ2=12.761, P=0.005; OS: χ2=9.851, P=0.021)(表 2)。
2

AKT2表达与患者PFS及OS的关系

Relationship between the expression of AKT2 and PFS and OS of patients with NSCLC

CharacteristicnExpression of AKT2X2P
NegativePositive
All patients803446
PFS (month)12.7610.005
  ≤ 611110
  6-1223617
  12-241376
  > 24332013
OS (month)9.8510.021
  ≤ 1214311
  12-3627819
  36-601156
  > 60281810
AKT2表达与患者PFS及OS的关系 Relationship between the expression of AKT2 and PFS and OS of patients with NSCLC 整体PFS中位时间为17个月(95%CI:10.182-23.818),OS中位时间为3 5个月(9 5%CI : 20.975-49.025)。AKT2表达阴性组中,PFS中位时间为36个月(95%CI: 17.428-54.572),OS中位时间为45个月(95%CI: 38.078-51.040);AKT2表达阳性组中,PFS中位时间为12个月(95%CI: 9.529-14.417),OS中位时间为22个月(95%CI: 16.308-27.692)。结果提示:AKT2阴性组的PFS和OS中位时间明显长于阳性组。AKT2表达阳性组PFS明显低于阴性组(χ2=9.893,P=0.002,图 2A),同样两组的OS存在明显差异(χ2=9.611,P=0.002,图 2B),AKT2阳性组预后明显差于阴性组。
2

AKT2表达与非小细胞肺癌患者无进展生存期(A)及总生存期(B)的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线

Kaplan-Meier survival curve of expression of AKT2 in 80 patients with NSCLC. Survival curves (PFS) are stratified by negative and positive AKT2 expression (A); Survival curves (OS) are stratified by negative and positive AKT2 expression (B)

AKT2表达与非小细胞肺癌患者无进展生存期(A)及总生存期(B)的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线 Kaplan-Meier survival curve of expression of AKT2 in 80 patients with NSCLC. Survival curves (PFS) are stratified by negative and positive AKT2 expression (A); Survival curves (OS) are stratified by negative and positive AKT2 expression (B)

讨论

肺癌是癌症相关死亡的首要原因,其发病率逐年上升,但目前仍然没有充分有效的治疗手段,5年生存率仅为15%左右。 AKT是一种丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,此酶有3种异构体,分别为AKT1AKT2和AKT3,是PI3K信号传导通路下游因子[。PI3K家族参与多种信号通路,调节细胞的主要功能。正常情况下,由其活化而产生的类脂产物3, 4-二磷酸磷脂酰肌醇[PI(3, 4)P2]和3, 4, 5-三磷酸磷脂酰肌醇[PI(3, 4, 5)P3]作为第二信使结合并激活多种细胞内的靶蛋白,形成一个信号级联复合物,最终调节细胞的增殖、分化、存活和迁移等。AKT在PI3K作用下发生磷酸化,磷酸化AKT水平增加可导致细胞生存通路PI3K/AKT的进一步活化,AKT主要介导体内PI3K依赖的细胞粘附、运动、侵袭和转移[。AKT2是丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶的重要亚型之一,调控细胞增殖、分化及生存[。许多研究[表明人类肿瘤组织中存在AKT2基因扩增和mRNA过表达,卵巢癌和胰腺癌中得到证实。AKT2已被认为是癌基因,PI3K/AKT成为抗调亡的通路之一[。AKT2与肿瘤细胞转移和增殖过程密切相关。 我们研究发现,NSCLC组织中AKT2表达阳性率明显高于肺良性病变组织,说明在肺癌组织中存在着AKT2的过度表达。刘红等[研究报道的结果和本研究结果相似,他们同样运用免疫组化的方法检测NSCLC标本中AKT2表达阳性率增高。AKT2表达与NSCLC临床特征无相关性。 同时,本研究结果中,AKT2表达与NSCLC患者PFS及OS存在密切的相关性,AKT2阳性组的患者预后明显差于阴性组,提示AKT2NSCLC的进展、转移中起着重要的作用,AKT2表达直接影响NSCLC患者预后,AKT2可作为NSCLC患者预后差的预测因子。 生物学标志物的不断发现,为NSCLC的诊断和治疗提供了重要线索。PI3K/AKT信号通路对于细胞增殖、分化和调亡的调节起着重要的作用,目前对该信号通路在肿瘤侵袭转移中的作用机制已基本明确,以哌立福新(perifosine)为代表的脂类抑制剂是目前抑制AKT的抗肿瘤药物,对肺癌治疗效果的临床Ⅱ期试验正在进行中[。AKT2将有望成为肺癌治疗的新靶点,通过一些小分子阻制剂对AKT2选择性抑制将成为未来肺癌治疗的新途径[。相信不久的将来,以PI3K/AKT通路为靶点的小分子药物将有望应用于肺癌的临床治疗中。 总之,我们通过免疫组化的方法检测NSCLC组织及肺良性病变组织中AKT2蛋白的表达情况,分析发现AKT2蛋白的表达与患者临床特征及预后密切相关,对判断NSCLC患者预后具有重要意义。
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1.  Evaluation of two phosphorylation sites improves the prognostic significance of Akt activation in non-small-cell lung cancer tumors.

Authors:  Junji Tsurutani; Junya Fukuoka; Hiroko Tsurutani; Joanna H Shih; Stephen M Hewitt; William D Travis; Jin Jen; Phillip A Dennis
Journal:  J Clin Oncol       Date:  2005-12-05       Impact factor: 44.544

2.  [Expression of AKT2, cyclin D1, and MMP-9 and their correlations to clinicopathologic features of non-small cell lung cancer].

Authors:  Jing Wang; Li-Jun Miao; Yi-Ming Wu; Yong-Jun Wu; Xin-Chao Wang
Journal:  Ai Zheng       Date:  2006-01

3.  Immunohistochemical determination of estrogen and progesterone receptor content in human breast cancer. Computer-assisted image analysis (QIC score) vs. subjective grading (IRS).

Authors:  W Remmele; K H Schicketanz
Journal:  Pathol Res Pract       Date:  1993-09       Impact factor: 3.250

4.  Fibronectin-mediated activation of Akt2 protects human ovarian and breast cancer cells from docetaxel-induced apoptosis via inhibition of the p38 pathway.

Authors:  Hui Xing; Yang Cao; Danhui Weng; Wenming Tao; Xiaohong Song; Wei Wang; Li Meng; Gang Xu; Jianfeng Zhou; Shixuan Wang; Ding Ma
Journal:  Apoptosis       Date:  2008-02       Impact factor: 4.677

5.  Reduction of Akt2 expression inhibits chemotaxis signal transduction in human breast cancer cells.

Authors:  Jingna Wang; Wuzhou Wan; Ronghua Sun; Ying Liu; Xiangjun Sun; Dalong Ma; Ning Zhang
Journal:  Cell Signal       Date:  2008-01-15       Impact factor: 4.315

6.  Critical role of class IA PI3K for c-Rel expression in B lymphocytes.

Authors:  Satoshi Matsuda; Yohei Mikami; Masashi Ohtani; Mari Fujiwara; Yasuko Hirata; Akiko Minowa; Yasuo Terauchi; Takashi Kadowaki; Shigeo Koyasu
Journal:  Blood       Date:  2008-10-16       Impact factor: 22.113

7.  Inactivation of the antiapoptotic phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway by the combined treatment of taxol and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibition.

Authors:  Jeffrey P MacKeigan; Debra J Taxman; Deborah Hunter; H Shelton Earp; Lee M Graves; Jenny P-Y Ting
Journal:  Clin Cancer Res       Date:  2002-07       Impact factor: 12.531

8.  Survival signalling by Akt and eIF4E in oncogenesis and cancer therapy.

Authors:  Hans-Guido Wendel; Elisa De Stanchina; Jordan S Fridman; Abba Malina; Sagarika Ray; Scott Kogan; Carlos Cordon-Cardo; Jerry Pelletier; Scott W Lowe
Journal:  Nature       Date:  2004-03-18       Impact factor: 49.962

Review 9.  AKT/PKB signaling: navigating downstream.

Authors:  Brendan D Manning; Lewis C Cantley
Journal:  Cell       Date:  2007-06-29       Impact factor: 41.582

10.  Mutational analysis of oncogenic AKT E17K mutation in common solid cancers and acute leukaemias.

Authors:  M S Kim; E G Jeong; N J Yoo; S H Lee
Journal:  Br J Cancer       Date:  2008-04-08       Impact factor: 7.640

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