Antibody response to herpes simplex virus glycoproteins gB and gD.

The antibody response to herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoproteins B and D was evaluated using these cloned glycoproteins in an ELISA assay and compared to a standard Western blotting procedure. The ELISA assay appeared to be more sensitive for detecting gB and gD antibodies. Antibodies to gB but not gD were detected in the acute sera of patients presenting with their first episode of true primary genital herpes. The geometric mean HSV gB titer (log 2) was also significantly higher than the geometric mean gD titer in the convalescent sera of these patients (7.9 +/- 0.7 vs. 5.5 +/- 0.9, P less than .003). A cross-reaction between HSV gB and varicella zoster virus (VZV) gp II was demonstrated. Thus, it is possible that a previous VZV infection could prime the immune system to respond rapidly and more vigorously to HSV gB. Indeed, in this report we demonstrated a significant correlation between the VZV ELISA absorbance and the titer to HSV gB and also detected a higher VZV ELISA absorbance and HSV gB titer in the acute sera of patients with a true primary HSV infection compared to other HSV seronegative VZV seropositive patients. Use of this quantitative assay should allow further investigation into the relationship of the immune response to these important targets and the clinical course of HSV disease.