CONTEXT: Necdin activates GNRH gene expression and is fundamental for the development, migration, and axonal extension of murine GNRH neurons. In humans, necdin plays a potential role in the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism phenotype in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. AIM: To investigate necdin gene (NDN) variants in patients with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 160 Brazilian patients with IHH, which includes 92 with Kallmann syndrome and 68 with normosmic IHH. Genomic DNA was extracted and the single NDN exon was amplified and sequenced. To measure GNRH transcriptional activity, luciferase reporter plasmids containing GNRH regulatory regions were transiently transfected into GT1-7 cells in the presence and absence of overexpressed wild-type or mutant necdin. RESULTS: A heterozygous variant of necdin, p.V318A, was identified in a 23-year-old male with Kallmann syndrome. The p.V318A was also present in affected aunt and his father and was absent in 100 Brazilian control subjects. Previous FGFR1 gene analysis revealed a missense mutation (p.P366L) in this family. Functional studies revealed a minor difference in the activation of GNRH transcription by mutant protein compared with wild type in that a significant impairment of the necdin protein activity threshold was observed. CONCLUSION: A rare variant of necdin (p.V318A) was described in a family with Kallmann syndrome associated with a FGFR1 mutation. Familial segregation and in vitro analysis suggested that this non-synonymous variant did not have a direct causative role in the hypogonadism phenotype. NDN mutations are not a frequent cause of congenital IHH.
CONTEXT: Necdin activates GNRH gene expression and is fundamental for the development, migration, and axonal extension of murineGNRH neurons. In humans, necdin plays a potential role in the hypogonadotropic hypogonadism phenotype in patients with Prader-Willi syndrome. AIM: To investigate necdin gene (NDN) variants in patients with isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied 160 Brazilian patients with IHH, which includes 92 with Kallmann syndrome and 68 with normosmic IHH. Genomic DNA was extracted and the single NDN exon was amplified and sequenced. To measure GNRH transcriptional activity, luciferase reporter plasmids containing GNRH regulatory regions were transiently transfected into GT1-7 cells in the presence and absence of overexpressed wild-type or mutant necdin. RESULTS: A heterozygous variant of necdin, p.V318A, was identified in a 23-year-old male with Kallmann syndrome. The p.V318A was also present in affected aunt and his father and was absent in 100 Brazilian control subjects. Previous FGFR1 gene analysis revealed a missense mutation (p.P366L) in this family. Functional studies revealed a minor difference in the activation of GNRH transcription by mutant protein compared with wild type in that a significant impairment of the necdin protein activity threshold was observed. CONCLUSION: A rare variant of necdin (p.V318A) was described in a family with Kallmann syndrome associated with a FGFR1 mutation. Familial segregation and in vitro analysis suggested that this non-synonymous variant did not have a direct causative role in the hypogonadism phenotype. NDN mutations are not a frequent cause of congenital IHH.
Authors: Gonçalo R Abecasis; David Altshuler; Adam Auton; Lisa D Brooks; Richard M Durbin; Richard A Gibbs; Matt E Hurles; Gil A McVean Journal: Nature Date: 2010-10-28 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: Seth I Berger; Carla Ciccone; Karen L Simon; May Christine Malicdan; Thierry Vilboux; Charles Billington; Roxanne Fischer; Wendy J Introne; Andrea Gropman; Jan K Blancato; James C Mullikin; William A Gahl; Marjan Huizing; Ann C M Smith Journal: Hum Genet Date: 2017-02-17 Impact factor: 4.132
Authors: Delanie B Macedo; Ana Paula Abreu; Ana Claudia S Reis; Luciana R Montenegro; Andrew Dauber; Daiane Beneduzzi; Priscilla Cukier; Leticia F G Silveira; Milena G Teles; Rona S Carroll; Gil Guerra Junior; Guilherme Guaragna Filho; Zoran Gucev; Ivo J P Arnhold; Margaret de Castro; Ayrton C Moreira; Carlos Eduardo Martinelli; Joel N Hirschhorn; Berenice B Mendonca; Vinicius N Brito; Sonir R Antonini; Ursula B Kaiser; Ana Claudia Latronico Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2014-03-14 Impact factor: 5.958