INTRODUCTION: The lifetime risk of fracture in white women is 20% for the spine, 15% for the wrist, and 18% for the hip, with an exponential increase in risk beyond the age of 50 years. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of bisphosphonates to prevent fractures in postmenopausal women? What are the effects of pharmacological treatments other than bisphosphonates to prevent fractures in postmenopausal women? What are the effects of non-pharmacological treatments to prevent fractures in postmenopausal women? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to September 2010 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS: We found 71 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: alendronate, calcitonin, calcium, calcium plus vitamin D, clodronate, denosumab, etidronate, exercise, hip protectors, hormone replacement therapy, ibandronate, multifactorial non-pharmacological interventions, pamidronate, parathyroid hormone, raloxifene, risedronate, strontium ranelate, vitamin D, vitamin D analogues, and zoledronate.
INTRODUCTION: The lifetime risk of fracture in white women is 20% for the spine, 15% for the wrist, and 18% for the hip, with an exponential increase in risk beyond the age of 50 years. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of bisphosphonates to prevent fractures in postmenopausal women? What are the effects of pharmacological treatments other than bisphosphonates to prevent fractures in postmenopausal women? What are the effects of non-pharmacological treatments to prevent fractures in postmenopausal women? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to September 2010 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS: We found 71 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: alendronate, calcitonin, calcium, calcium plus vitamin D, clodronate, denosumab, etidronate, exercise, hip protectors, hormone replacement therapy, ibandronate, multifactorial non-pharmacological interventions, pamidronate, parathyroid hormone, raloxifene, risedronate, strontium ranelate, vitamin D, vitamin D analogues, and zoledronate.
Authors: A M Grant; A Avenell; M K Campbell; A M McDonald; G S MacLennan; G C McPherson; F H Anderson; C Cooper; R M Francis; C Donaldson; W J Gillespie; C M Robinson; D J Torgerson; W A Wallace Journal: Lancet Date: 2005 May 7-13 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: John F Schnelle; Cathy A Alessi; Sandra F Simmons; Nahla R Al-Samarrai; John C Beck; Joseph G Ouslander Journal: J Am Geriatr Soc Date: 2002-09 Impact factor: 5.562
Authors: Silvana Martino; Jane A Cauley; Elizabeth Barrett-Connor; Trevor J Powles; John Mershon; Damon Disch; Roberta J Secrest; Steven R Cummings Journal: J Natl Cancer Inst Date: 2004-12-01 Impact factor: 13.506
Authors: Dennis M Black; Pierre D Delmas; Richard Eastell; Ian R Reid; Steven Boonen; Jane A Cauley; Felicia Cosman; Péter Lakatos; Ping Chung Leung; Zulema Man; Carlos Mautalen; Peter Mesenbrink; Huilin Hu; John Caminis; Karen Tong; Theresa Rosario-Jansen; Joel Krasnow; Trisha F Hue; Deborah Sellmeyer; Erik Fink Eriksen; Steven R Cummings Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2007-05-03 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Robert Lindsay; Wim H Scheele; Robert Neer; Gerhardt Pohl; Silvano Adami; Carlos Mautalen; Jean-Yves Reginster; Jan J Stepan; Stephen L Myers; Bruce H Mitlak Journal: Arch Intern Med Date: 2004-10-11
Authors: Caroline Brumsen; Socrates E Papapoulos; Paul Lips; Petronella H L M Geelhoed-Duijvestijn; Neveen A T Hamdy; Jan Otto Landman; Eugene V McCloskey; J Coen Netelenbos; Ernest K J Pauwels; Jan C Roos; Rob M Valentijn; Aeilko H Zwinderman Journal: J Bone Miner Res Date: 2002-06 Impact factor: 6.741
Authors: Anselm Mak; Mike W L Cheung; Roger Chun-Man Ho; Alicia Ai-Cia Cheak; Chak Sing Lau Journal: BMC Musculoskelet Disord Date: 2009-09-21 Impact factor: 2.362