Biosensors for the determination of phenolic metabolites.

Antioxidants are groups of chemical substances, the most abundant being polyphenols, mainly found in plants, fruits and vegetables. They include flavonoids, flavonoid derivatives, polyphenols, carotenoids and anthocyanins. Currently, the nutritional quality of many foodstuffs is guaranteed by the presence of antioxidant compounds. The importance of these chemicals as indicators and preservatives of nutritional quality makes necessary the development of accurate, versatile and rapid analytical tools necessary to detect their presence in many foodstuffs and to assess their antioxidant efficacy. In this chapter, enzyme-based biosensors such as monophenol monooxygenase (tyrosinase), catechol oxidase (laccase) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) are reviewed. Actually, these biosensors are the most commonly used for the detection of polyphenols and flavonoids content.