The potential role of heat shock protein 27 in cardiovascular disease.

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) comprise several families of proteins expressed by a number of cell types following exposure to stressful environmental conditions that include heat, free radicals, toxins and ischemia, and are particularly involved in the recognition and renaturation of mis-folded proteins. Heat shock protein-27 (Hsp27) is a member of the small Hsp (sHsp) family with a molecular weight of approximately 27 KDa. In addition to its chaperoning functions, Hsp27 also appears to be involved in a diverse range of cellular functions, promoting cell survival through effects on the apoptotic pathway and plays important roles in cytoskeleton dynamics, cell differentiation and embryogenesis. Over the past two decades there has been an increasing interest in the relationship between Hsp27 and cardiovascular disease. Hsp27 is thought to exert an important role in the atherosclerotic process. Serum Hsp27 concentrations appear to be a biomarker of myocardial ischemia. In this review, we will focus on the possible protective and immuno-modulatory roles of Hsp27 in atherogenesis with special emphasis on their changes following acute coronary events and their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.