Malignancies following lung transplantation.

Malignancy is an important complication of thoracic organ transplantation and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Lung transplant recipients are at greater risk for cancer than immunocompetent persons, with cancer-specific incidence rates up to 60-fold higher than the general population. The increased risk for cancer is attributed to neoplastic properties of immunosuppressive medications, oncogenic viruses, and cancer-specific risk factors. This article addresses the epidemiology, presentation, and treatment of the most common malignancies after lung transplantation, including skin cancer, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder, and bronchogenic carcinoma.