Examination and intervention for sinus tarsi syndrome.

Athletes with persistent anterolateral ankle discomfort may have developed sinus tarsi syndrome (STS). Sinus tarsi syndrome develops from excessive motions of the subtalar joint that results in subtalar joint synovitis and infiltration of fibrotic tissue into the sinus tarsi space. Physical therapists treating athletes with ankle conditions should examine the talocrural and subtalar joints for signs of hypermobility as injuries can affect both of these important articulations of the lower extremity. Localized ankle discomfort to the sinus tarsi space and feelings of instability with pronation and supination movements of the subtalar joint will help identify STS. Intervention for this condition will focus on enhancing subtalar joint stability and function of the lower extremities. The purpose of this clinical commentary is to discuss the etiologies and signs of STS and describe the components of an intervention plan appropriate for athletes with STS.