BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cadmium exposure has been associated with a greater risk of kidney stone formation in occupational exposure studies, but data on such an association in the general population are scarce. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We assessed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1988 to 1994 in terms of the risk of stone formation. Persons reporting a history of kidney stones were defined as stone formers (n=749), and the association between a positive history of kidney stones and high environmental cadmium exposure levels (defined as urinary cadmium >1 μg/g) was analyzed by logistic regression analysis, stratifying by sex and adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, smoking habits, region of residence, and daily intake of calcium and sodium. RESULTS: The odds ratio of lithiasis associated with urinary cadmium >1 μg/g was 1.40 (95% confidence interval 1.06, 1.86) in females (P = 0.019). The association between urinary cadmium and kidney stones was not significant in males. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that moderately high levels of urinary cadmium are associated with a greater propensity for kidney stone formation in females in the general population.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Cadmium exposure has been associated with a greater risk of kidney stone formation in occupational exposure studies, but data on such an association in the general population are scarce. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We assessed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 1988 to 1994 in terms of the risk of stone formation. Persons reporting a history of kidney stones were defined as stone formers (n=749), and the association between a positive history of kidney stones and high environmental cadmium exposure levels (defined as urinary cadmium >1 μg/g) was analyzed by logistic regression analysis, stratifying by sex and adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, smoking habits, region of residence, and daily intake of calcium and sodium. RESULTS: The odds ratio of lithiasis associated with urinary cadmium >1 μg/g was 1.40 (95% confidence interval 1.06, 1.86) in females (P = 0.019). The association between urinary cadmium and kidney stones was not significant in males. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that moderately high levels of urinary cadmium are associated with a greater propensity for kidney stone formation in females in the general population.
Authors: Abdallah A Shaltout; Maram M Dabi; Sameh I Ahmed; Ahmed S Al-Ghamdi; Essam Elnagar; Roshdi Seoudi Journal: Biol Trace Elem Res Date: 2020-10-10 Impact factor: 3.738
Authors: Krishna Ramaswamy; David W Killilea; Pankaj Kapahi; Arnold J Kahn; Thomas Chi; Marshall L Stoller Journal: Nat Rev Urol Date: 2015-09-01 Impact factor: 14.432