BACKGROUND: The relationship of exercise to weight loss, beyond minimal caloric expenditures possible in obese and deconditioned individuals, requires clarification. OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether changes in theory-based psychological variables associated with participation in an exercise treatment extended to psychologically based predictors of controlled eating and weight and waist-circumference reductions. METHODS: A group of 137 adults with severe obesity (mean body mass index, 42.2 kg/m(2)) volunteered for an exercise-support and nutrition-education treatment of 26 weeks' duration that was based on social cognitive theory. Exercise- and eating-related measures of mood, self-regulation, and self-efficacy were obtained at baseline and at treatment end, along with weight, waist circumference, and exercise volume. Analyses were also conducted separately for women participants only (n = 102). RESULTS: Treatment-induced changes in total mood disturbance, self-regulatory skill usage for exercise, and exercise self-efficacy were significantly related to changes in self-efficacy to control emotional eating, self-regulatory skill usage for controlled eating, and overall self-efficacy for controlled eating, respectively (p < 0.001). Changes in the eating-related measures significantly predicted changes in weight and waist circumference with adjusted R(2) values from 0.15 to 0.21 and 0.28 to 0.30, respectively (p < 0.001). Post-hoc testing indicated a strong negative correlation between exercise completed and weight change (r = -0.62); however, only 12.4% of the observed weight change was accounted for through associated caloric expenditures. CONCLUSION: Exercise may support weight loss primarily through psychological rather than physiological pathways. Although the models tested were viable, additional modifiable variables may further strengthen the prediction of weight and waist-circumference change and benefit weight-loss theory and treatment outcomes.
BACKGROUND: The relationship of exercise to weight loss, beyond minimal caloric expenditures possible in obese and deconditioned individuals, requires clarification. OBJECTIVE: We assessed whether changes in theory-based psychological variables associated with participation in an exercise treatment extended to psychologically based predictors of controlled eating and weight and waist-circumference reductions. METHODS: A group of 137 adults with severe obesity (mean body mass index, 42.2 kg/m(2)) volunteered for an exercise-support and nutrition-education treatment of 26 weeks' duration that was based on social cognitive theory. Exercise- and eating-related measures of mood, self-regulation, and self-efficacy were obtained at baseline and at treatment end, along with weight, waist circumference, and exercise volume. Analyses were also conducted separately for women participants only (n = 102). RESULTS: Treatment-induced changes in total mood disturbance, self-regulatory skill usage for exercise, and exercise self-efficacy were significantly related to changes in self-efficacy to control emotional eating, self-regulatory skill usage for controlled eating, and overall self-efficacy for controlled eating, respectively (p < 0.001). Changes in the eating-related measures significantly predicted changes in weight and waist circumference with adjusted R(2) values from 0.15 to 0.21 and 0.28 to 0.30, respectively (p < 0.001). Post-hoc testing indicated a strong negative correlation between exercise completed and weight change (r = -0.62); however, only 12.4% of the observed weight change was accounted for through associated caloric expenditures. CONCLUSION: Exercise may support weight loss primarily through psychological rather than physiological pathways. Although the models tested were viable, additional modifiable variables may further strengthen the prediction of weight and waist-circumference change and benefit weight-loss theory and treatment outcomes.
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