BACKGROUND: We aimed to estimate the societal costs of rotavirus cases among children less than 5 years in Kazakhstan, an upper-middle income country in Central Asia. METHODS: Data on medical, non-medical and indirect costs were collected for 190 patients less than 5 years, hospitalized with severe diarrhea in 2009 in two pediatric hospitals. Data on resource use for moderate and mild diarrhea cases were obtained from published sources. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to explore uncertainty in cost estimates. RESULTS: Approximately 4,000 severe, 30,700 moderate, and 122,900 mild rotavirus cases were estimated annually in children <5 years old. The mean societal cost of a severe, moderate and mild rotavirus case was estimated at US$ 454, 82, and 21, respectively. The total annual cost of rotavirus disease was $37.53 million or on average $107.36 for a child under 5 years old in Kazakhstan. Ninety-four percent of total costs (35.13 million) are indirect costs (productivity losses) from fatal cases and parents' job absenteeism, while direct medical costs account for 2.04 million (5.4%), and direct non-medical for 0.46 million (1.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Rotavirus-associated diarrhea represents a significant economic burden in Kazakhstan, largely due to indirect costs. The costs of rotavirus infections should be considered when planning further preventive actions, including the introduction of rotavirus vaccination.
BACKGROUND: We aimed to estimate the societal costs of rotavirus cases among children less than 5 years in Kazakhstan, an upper-middle income country in Central Asia. METHODS: Data on medical, non-medical and indirect costs were collected for 190 patients less than 5 years, hospitalized with severe diarrhea in 2009 in two pediatric hospitals. Data on resource use for moderate and mild diarrhea cases were obtained from published sources. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was performed to explore uncertainty in cost estimates. RESULTS: Approximately 4,000 severe, 30,700 moderate, and 122,900 mild rotavirus cases were estimated annually in children <5 years old. The mean societal cost of a severe, moderate and mild rotavirus case was estimated at US$ 454, 82, and 21, respectively. The total annual cost of rotavirus disease was $37.53 million or on average $107.36 for a child under 5 years old in Kazakhstan. Ninety-four percent of total costs (35.13 million) are indirect costs (productivity losses) from fatal cases and parents' job absenteeism, while direct medical costs account for 2.04 million (5.4%), and direct non-medical for 0.46 million (1.2%). CONCLUSIONS: Rotavirus-associated diarrhea represents a significant economic burden in Kazakhstan, largely due to indirect costs. The costs of rotavirus infections should be considered when planning further preventive actions, including the introduction of rotavirus vaccination.