BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It has been proven that ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1) expression level was closely related to gemcitabine drug-resistance to tumor cells. The aim of this study is to explore the relations between RRM1 protein expression levels and effects of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS: The expressions of RRM1 in 75 advanced NSCLC tissues were qualitatively detected by immunohistochemical methods. Seventy-five patients had received gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) chemotherapy regimen. General characteristics of patients, response to treatment, efficacy evaluation and survival time were retrospectively investigated. Differences between the groups were statistically analysed by chi-square test. Survival differences were analysed by temporal inspection and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS: RRM1 protein expression rate was 38.7%. RRM1 protein expression had no obvious relationship with gender, age, smoking status, and the clinical stages and histopathological types (P > 0.05). Response rate in RRM1 protein high expression groups (31.3%) was remarkably lower than that in low expression groups (41.3%), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.005). 1-year survival rate in RRM1 protein high expression groups (27.6%) was remarkably lower than that in low expression group (58.7%), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.009). No significant different of median survival was observed between RMM1 protein high expression group and low expression group (P >0.245). Time to progression in RRM1 protein high expression groups (3.10 months) was remarkably lower than that in low expression group (5.11 months), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.042). CONCLUSIONS: RRM1 protein expression levels are closely related to effects of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy and prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: It has been proven that ribonucleotide reductase M1 (RRM1) expression level was closely related to gemcitabine drug-resistance to tumor cells. The aim of this study is to explore the relations between RRM1 protein expression levels and effects of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS: The expressions of RRM1 in 75 advanced NSCLC tissues were qualitatively detected by immunohistochemical methods. Seventy-five patients had received gemcitabine and cisplatin (GP) chemotherapy regimen. General characteristics of patients, response to treatment, efficacy evaluation and survival time were retrospectively investigated. Differences between the groups were statistically analysed by chi-square test. Survival differences were analysed by temporal inspection and Kaplan-Meier survival curves. RESULTS:RRM1 protein expression rate was 38.7%. RRM1 protein expression had no obvious relationship with gender, age, smoking status, and the clinical stages and histopathological types (P > 0.05). Response rate in RRM1 protein high expression groups (31.3%) was remarkably lower than that in low expression groups (41.3%), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.005). 1-year survival rate in RRM1 protein high expression groups (27.6%) was remarkably lower than that in low expression group (58.7%), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.009). No significant different of median survival was observed between RMM1 protein high expression group and low expression group (P >0.245). Time to progression in RRM1 protein high expression groups (3.10 months) was remarkably lower than that in low expression group (5.11 months), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.042). CONCLUSIONS:RRM1 protein expression levels are closely related to effects of gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy and prognosis of advanced NSCLCpatients.
Expression of RRM1 in advanced NSCLC tissues (SP, ×200). A: Positive; B: Negative.
1
各组晚期NSCLC患者的临床特征
Characteristics of patients with advanced NSCLC
Characteristic
All patients
RRM1(-) subgroup
RRM1(+) subgroup
n
%
n
%
n
%
ECOG PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status Scale.
Total (n)
75
46
29
Sex
Male
50
66.7
31
67.4
19
65.5
Female
25
33.3
15
32.6
10
34.5
Smoking Status
Non-smoker
28
37.3
18
39.1
10
34.5
Smoker
47
62.7
28
60.9
19
65.5
Age (years)
Median
60
61
59
Range
35-73
38-71
35-73
ECOG PS
0
38
50.7
21
53.2
17
55.8
1
37
49.3
25
46.8
12
44.2
Histology
Adenocarcinoma
49
65.3
31
67.4
18
62.1
Squamous cell carcinoma
21
28.0
12
26.1
9
31.0
Others
5
6.7
3
6.5
2
6.9
Stage
Ⅲb
34
45.3
21
41.8
13
44.2
Ⅳ
41
57.4
25
58.2
16
55.8
No. of cycles
Median
4
4
4
Range
2-15
2-10
2-15
RRM1蛋白在晚期NSCLC组织中的表达(SP,×200)。A:阳性表达;B:阴性表达。Expression of RRM1 in advanced NSCLC tissues (SP, ×200). A: Positive; B: Negative.各组晚期NSCLC患者的临床特征Characteristics of patients with advanced NSCLC
Relationships between expressions of RRM1 and the survival curves of NSCLC patients. A: overall survival; B: time to progression.
2
晚期NSCLC患者的临床疗效及预后
Response to treatment and survival time of patients with advanced NSCLC
Outcome
All patients (n=75)
RRM1 (-) subgroup (n=46)
RRM1 (+) subgroup (n=29)
TTP: time to progress.
Response
Complete response [n (%)]
0
0
0
Partial response [n (%)]
28 (37.3%)
19(41.3%)
9(31.1%)
Stable disease [n (%)]
24 (32.0%)
19(41.3%)
5 (17.2%)
Progressive disease [n (%)]
23 (30.7%)
8 (17.4%)
15(51.7%)
Survival
Median (months)
13.20
95%CI: 10.92-15.48
13.30
95%CI: 11.66-14.94
10.70
95%CI: 7.91-13.49
1 year survival rate (%)
46.70
95%CI: 36.40-53.20
58.70
95%CI: 48.50-68.30
27.60
95%CI: 22.40-38.10
Median TTP (months)
4.30
95%CI: 3.20-5.40
5.11
95%CI: 3.58-6.42
3.10
95%CI: 1.65-4.55
RRM1表达水平与NSCLC患者的生存曲线之间的关系。A:总体生存时间;B:疾病进展时间。Relationships between expressions of RRM1 and the survival curves of NSCLCpatients. A: overall survival; B: time to progression.晚期NSCLC患者的临床疗效及预后Response to treatment and survival time of patients with advanced NSCLC
讨论
近年研究[表明,细胞信号转导中相关因子的表达异常、肿瘤细胞DNA修复的异常及其它相关基因的表达异常与肺癌耐药的产生也存在密切联系,提示前瞻性地进行分子指标的测定是进行个体化治疗、提高化疗疗效的关键。RRM1是核苷酸还原酶调节M1亚单位,当ERCC1与XPD、XPG、XPA等修复基因将DNA链中受损的部分切除后,DNA链上留下的空缺就由RRM1提供的核苷酸来填补[。目前研究表明,RRM1是导致肿瘤细胞对吉西他滨类耐药的一个重要因素。Rosell等[采用定量PCR的方法检测了75例NSCLC患者的肿瘤标本中RRM1 mRNA等的表达,其中有22例患者接受了GP方案化疗,发现低水平表达RRM1 mRNA的吉西他滨联合顺铂组患者对化疗的反应较好。Lee等[研究以免疫组织化学法检测了40例晚期NSCLC组织中RRM1蛋白的表达,结果发现RRM1蛋白表达阳性率为35%,RRM1蛋白阳性表达组患者的疾病控制率(PR+SD)低于阴性表达组患者(23% vs 56%)。本研究显示RRM1蛋白表达阳性率为38.7%,RRM1蛋白高表达组的化疗有效率(31.1%)低于低表达组(41.3%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.005);RRM1蛋白高表达组的1年生存率(27.6%)低于低表达组(58.7%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。Ceppi等[检测了70例NSCLC患者组织中RRM1 mRNA等的表达水平,结果发现低表达RRM1 mRNA的患者的中位生存时间较长(13.9个月vs 10.9个月,P=0.039)。Lee等[研究发现RRM1蛋白阳性表达组患者的总体生存期明显短于阴性表达组患者(5.1个月vs 12.9个月,P=0.022)。本研究显示RRM1蛋白高表达组的中位生存期(10.70个月)低于低表达组(13.30个月),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.245);RMM1蛋白高表达组的疾病进展时间为(3.10个月)低于低表达组(5.11个月),差异有统计学意义(P=0.042)。通过本研究进一步证实,在晚期化疗的NSCLC患者中RRM1蛋白的表达水平与肿瘤细胞对吉西他滨耐药及患者预后密切相关,提示RRM1蛋白表达水平高低可能会成为筛选接受化疗的患者的一项指标。通过对RRM1蛋白的检测,可以预测不同人群对吉西他滨的敏感程度以指导临床用药、提高药物治疗的有效率,同时减少不必要的药物毒副作用和经济支出,更好地实现对患者的个体化治疗。总之,RRM1蛋白的表达水平与接受GP方案治疗的晚期NSCLC患者的化疗疗效及预后密切相关。但RRM1蛋白能否作为筛选患者的指标并真正应用于临床,尚有许多重要问题需要解决。
Authors: P Ceppi; M Volante; S Novello; I Rapa; K D Danenberg; P V Danenberg; A Cambieri; G Selvaggi; S Saviozzi; R Calogero; M Papotti; G V Scagliotti Journal: Ann Oncol Date: 2006-09-15 Impact factor: 32.976
Authors: Rafael Rosell; Giorgio Scagliotti; Kathleen D Danenberg; Reginald V N Lord; Gerold Bepler; Silvia Novello; Janine Cooc; Lucio Crinò; José Javier Sánchez; Miquel Taron; Corrado Boni; Filippo De Marinis; Maurizio Tonato; Maurizio Marangolo; Felice Gozzelino; Franceso Di Costanzo; Massimo Rinaldi; Dennis Salonga; Craig Stephens Journal: Oncogene Date: 2003-06-05 Impact factor: 9.867