Laparoscopic-assisted retrieval of migrated intra-abdominal pacemaker generator.

A 5-year-old boy born with a congenital heart defect had insertion of an epicardial pacemaker that was found on routine evaluation to have been displaced into the rectovesical pouch. He underwent transvenous insertion of another pacemaker, and the displaced pacemaker was successfully retrieved by laparoscopy without incident.