INTRODUCTION: Over 2 million children are thought to be living with HIV/AIDS worldwide, of whom over 80% live in sub-Saharan Africa. Without antiretroviral treatment, the risk of HIV transmission from infected mothers to their children is 15% to 30% during gestation or labour, with an additional transmission risk of 10% to 20% associated with prolonged breastfeeding. HIV-1 infection accounts for most infections; HIV-2 is rarely transmitted from mother to child. Transmission is more likely in mothers with high viral loads, advanced disease, or both, in the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases, and with increased exposure to maternal blood. Mixed feeding practices (breast milk plus other liquids or solids) and prolonged breastfeeding are also associated with increased risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of measures to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2009 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. RESULTS: We found 53 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antiretroviral drugs, different methods of infant feeding, elective caesarean section, immunotherapy, micronutrient supplements, vaginal microbicides, and vitamin supplements.
INTRODUCTION: Over 2 million children are thought to be living with HIV/AIDS worldwide, of whom over 80% live in sub-Saharan Africa. Without antiretroviral treatment, the risk of HIV transmission from infected mothers to their children is 15% to 30% during gestation or labour, with an additional transmission risk of 10% to 20% associated with prolonged breastfeeding. HIV-1 infection accounts for most infections; HIV-2 is rarely transmitted from mother to child. Transmission is more likely in mothers with high viral loads, advanced disease, or both, in the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases, and with increased exposure to maternal blood. Mixed feeding practices (breast milk plus other liquids or solids) and prolonged breastfeeding are also associated with increased risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of measures to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to October 2009 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically, please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. RESULTS: We found 53 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antiretroviral drugs, different methods of infant feeding, elective caesarean section, immunotherapy, micronutrient supplements, vaginal microbicides, and vitamin supplements.
Authors: Ibou Thior; Shahin Lockman; Laura M Smeaton; Roger L Shapiro; Carolyn Wester; S Jody Heymann; Peter B Gilbert; Lisa Stevens; Trevor Peter; Soyeon Kim; Erik van Widenfelt; Claire Moffat; Patrick Ndase; Peter Arimi; Poloko Kebaabetswe; Patson Mazonde; Joseph Makhema; Kenneth McIntosh; Vladimir Novitsky; Tun-Hou Lee; Richard Marlink; Stephen Lagakos; Max Essex Journal: JAMA Date: 2006-08-16 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Charles S Chasela; Michael G Hudgens; Denise J Jamieson; Dumbani Kayira; Mina C Hosseinipour; Athena P Kourtis; Francis Martinson; Gerald Tegha; Rodney J Knight; Yusuf I Ahmed; Deborah D Kamwendo; Irving F Hoffman; Sascha R Ellington; Zebrone Kacheche; Alice Soko; Jeffrey B Wiener; Susan A Fiscus; Peter Kazembe; Innocent A Mofolo; Maggie Chigwenembe; Dorothy S Sichali; Charles M van der Horst Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2010-06-17 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: M Lallemant; G Jourdain; S Le Coeur; S Kim; S Koetsawang; A M Comeau; W Phoolcharoen; M Essex; K McIntosh; V Vithayasai Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2000-10-05 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Roland Kupka; Ferdinand Mugusi; Said Aboud; Gernard I Msamanga; Julia L Finkelstein; Donna Spiegelman; Wafaie W Fawzi Journal: Am J Clin Nutr Date: 2008-06 Impact factor: 7.045
Authors: Anna Coutsoudis; Francois Dabis; Wafaie Fawzi; Philippe Gaillard; Geert Haverkamp; D Robert Harris; J Brooks Jackson; Valerie Leroy; Nicolas Meda; Philippe Msellati; Marie-Louise Newell; Ruth Nsuati; Jennifer S Read; Stefan Wiktor Journal: J Infect Dis Date: 2004-05-26 Impact factor: 5.226
Authors: Joshua J Tu; Amit Kumar; Elena E Giorgi; Joshua Eudailey; Celia C LaBranche; David R Martinez; Genevieve G Fouda; Yvetane Moreau; Allison Thomas; David Montefiori; Feng Gao; Manish Sagar; Sallie R Permar Journal: J Virol Date: 2022-05-10 Impact factor: 6.549
Authors: D Joseph Davey; S West; V Umutoni; S Taleghani; H Klausner; E Farley; R Shah; S Madni; S Orewa; V Kottamasu; V Rice; Z Robbin; K M Wall Journal: AIDS Behav Date: 2018-09
Authors: Kristina M Brooks; Jeremiah D Momper; Mauricio Pinilla; Alice M Stek; Emily Barr; Adriana Weinberg; Jaime G Deville; Irma L Febo; Mikhaela Cielo; Kathleen George; Kayla Denson; Kittipong Rungruengthanakit; David E Shapiro; Elizabeth Smith; Nahida Chakhtoura; James F Rooney; Richard Haubrich; Rowena Espina; Edmund V Capparelli; Mark Mirochnick; Brookie M Best Journal: AIDS Date: 2021-03-01 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Ahizechukwu C Eke; Kristina M Brooks; Rahel D Gebreyohannes; Jeanne S Sheffield; Kelly E Dooley; Mark Mirochnick Journal: Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol Date: 2020-03-17 Impact factor: 4.936
Authors: Lisa M Puchalski Ritchie; Monique van Lettow; Mina C Hosseinipour; Nora E Rosenberg; Sam Phiri; Megan Landes; Fabian Cataldo; Sharon E Straus Journal: Syst Rev Date: 2015-11-03