Advanced cardiovascular imaging in congenital heart disease.

In recent years, there has been increased utilisation of advanced cardiovascular imaging modalities for congenital heart disease (CHD) because of increased survival rates from improved surgical and interventional techniques and medical care. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in particular has seen increased clinical and research utility. The non-invasive nature of cardiovascular MRI, its lack of radiation exposure, versatility and reproducibility make it the modality of choice for patients with poor echocardiographic windows and patients who need further evaluation of pre- and postoperative CHD. Cardiovascular MRI is also the gold standard for the assessment of right ventricle (RV) volumes and function. Computed tomography (CT) is useful for demonstration of anatomy and less useful for assessment of cardiac function. Although concerns have been raised about radiation safety, dose-reduction techniques are available.