RATIONALE: Blood pressure (BP) usually decreases during nocturnal sleep and increases during daytime activities. Whether the endogenous circadian control system contributes to this daily BP variation has not been determined under appropriately controlled conditions. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there exists an endogenous circadian rhythm of BP in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 28 normotensive adults (16 men), we assessed BP across 3 complementary, multiday, in-laboratory protocols performed in dim light, throughout which behavioral and environmental influences were controlled and/or uniformly distributed across the circadian cycle via: (1) a 38-hour "constant routine," including continuous wakefulness; (2) a 196-hour "forced desynchrony" with 7 recurring 28-hour sleep/wake cycles; and (3) a 240-hour forced desynchrony with 12 recurring 20-hour sleep/wake cycles. Circadian phases were derived from core body temperature. Each protocol revealed significant circadian rhythms in systolic and diastolic BP, with almost identical rhythm profiles among protocols. The peak-to-trough amplitudes were 3 to 6 mm Hg for systolic BP and 2 to 3 mm Hg for diastolic BP (always P<0.05). All 6 peaks (systolic and diastolic BP in 3 protocols) occurred at a circadian phase corresponding to ≈9:00 pm (ie, the biological evening). Based on substantial phase differences among circadian rhythms of BP and other variables, the rhythm in BP appeared to be unrelated to circadian rhythms in cortisol, catecholamines, cardiac vagal modulation, heart rate, or urine flow. CONCLUSIONS: There exists a robust endogenous circadian rhythm in BP. The highest BP occurred at the circadian time corresponding to ≈9:00 pm, suggesting that the endogenous BP rhythm is unlikely to underlie the well-documented morning peak in adverse cardiovascular events.
RATIONALE: Blood pressure (BP) usually decreases during nocturnal sleep and increases during daytime activities. Whether the endogenous circadian control system contributes to this daily BP variation has not been determined under appropriately controlled conditions. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there exists an endogenous circadian rhythm of BP in humans. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 28 normotensive adults (16 men), we assessed BP across 3 complementary, multiday, in-laboratory protocols performed in dim light, throughout which behavioral and environmental influences were controlled and/or uniformly distributed across the circadian cycle via: (1) a 38-hour "constant routine," including continuous wakefulness; (2) a 196-hour "forced desynchrony" with 7 recurring 28-hour sleep/wake cycles; and (3) a 240-hour forced desynchrony with 12 recurring 20-hour sleep/wake cycles. Circadian phases were derived from core body temperature. Each protocol revealed significant circadian rhythms in systolic and diastolic BP, with almost identical rhythm profiles among protocols. The peak-to-trough amplitudes were 3 to 6 mm Hg for systolic BP and 2 to 3 mm Hg for diastolic BP (always P<0.05). All 6 peaks (systolic and diastolic BP in 3 protocols) occurred at a circadian phase corresponding to ≈9:00 pm (ie, the biological evening). Based on substantial phase differences among circadian rhythms of BP and other variables, the rhythm in BP appeared to be unrelated to circadian rhythms in cortisol, catecholamines, cardiac vagal modulation, heart rate, or urine flow. CONCLUSIONS: There exists a robust endogenous circadian rhythm in BP. The highest BP occurred at the circadian time corresponding to ≈9:00 pm, suggesting that the endogenous BP rhythm is unlikely to underlie the well-documented morning peak in adverse cardiovascular events.
Authors: A Kalsbeek; I F Palm; S E La Fleur; F A J L Scheer; S Perreau-Lenz; M Ruiter; F Kreier; C Cailotto; R M Buijs Journal: J Biol Rhythms Date: 2006-12 Impact factor: 3.182
Authors: Frank A J L Scheer; Kun Hu; Heather Evoniuk; Erin E Kelly; Atul Malhotra; Michael F Hilton; Steven A Shea Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2010-11-08 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: J E Muller; P H Stone; Z G Turi; J D Rutherford; C A Czeisler; C Parker; W K Poole; E Passamani; R Roberts; T Robertson Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 1985-11-21 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: David J Durgan; Thomas Pulinilkunnil; Carolina Villegas-Montoya; Merissa E Garvey; Nikolaos G Frangogiannis; Lloyd H Michael; Chi-Wing Chow; Jason R B Dyck; Martin E Young Journal: Circ Res Date: 2009-12-10 Impact factor: 17.367
Authors: Ciprian B Anea; Maoxiang Zhang; David W Stepp; G Bryan Simkins; Guy Reed; David J Fulton; R Daniel Rudic Journal: Circulation Date: 2009-03-09 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Anne M Curtis; Yan Cheng; Shiv Kapoor; Dermot Reilly; Tom S Price; Garret A Fitzgerald Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2007-02-20 Impact factor: 11.205
Authors: Hassan S Dashti; Stella Aslibekyan; Frank A J L Scheer; Caren E Smith; Stefania Lamon-Fava; Paul Jacques; Chao-Qiang Lai; Katherine L Tucker; Donna K Arnett; José M Ordovás Journal: Am J Hypertens Date: 2015-06-04 Impact factor: 2.689
Authors: Marissa A Bowman; Daniel J Buysse; Jillian E Foust; Vivianne Oyefusi; Martica H Hall Journal: Curr Hypertens Rep Date: 2019-05-22 Impact factor: 5.369