Gregory Y H Lip1, Jonathan L Halperin2, Hung-Fat Tse3. 1. University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, England. Electronic address: g.y.h.lip@bham.ac.uk. 2. The Cardiovascular Institute, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY. 3. Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, PRC.