[Isolated 'like us' or isolated 'among us'?: the controversy within the National Academy of Medicine over compulsory isolation of leprosy sufferers].

Given Brazilian society's view of leprosy in the early twentieth century, patient segregation was considered the only way to protect the healthy. The policy enforced by the Inspectorship for the Prevention of Leprosy and Venereal Diseases deemed isolation in leprosaria the preferred approach. Belisário Penna criticized the work of the Inspectorship, arguing that the best way to isolate patients would be to create municipalities located a good distance from urban centers. In 1926, Penna came head to head over the subject with Eduardo Rabello, the Inspectorship's former chief. Part of a broader debate on the best way to control leprosy, this controversy sheds light on the changes to leprosy policies introduced in the 1930s.