Eric D B Goulet1. 1. Research Centre on Aging/Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, University of Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada. eric.goulet@usherbrooke.ca
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To use the meta-analytical procedures to determine the magnitude of the effect of exercise-induced dehydration (EID) upon time-trial (TT) exercise performance. METHODS: Studies were located via database searches and cross-referencing. TT performance outcomes were converted to mean percentage changes in power output. Random-effects model meta-regressions, analogue to the ANOVA and weighted mean effect summaries were used to delineate the effect of the EID-associated body weight (BW) loss on TT performance. RESULTS: Five research articles, all using cycling TTs, were included, producing 13 effect estimates and representing 39 subjects. The mean ambient temperature, relative humidity, exercise intensity and duration of the exercise trials were 26.0 ± 6.7°C, 61 ± 9%, 68 ± 14% of VO(2max) and 86 ± 34 min, respectively. The effect of EID (mean BW loss of 2.20 ± 1.0%) during self-paced exercise conditions was to produce a non-significant increase in endurance performance of 0.06 ± 2.72% (p=0.94), compared with the maintenance of euhydration (mean BW loss of 0.44 ± 0.48%). Meta-regression analyses revealed a statistically significant relationship between the percentage changes in power output and exercise intensity and duration, but not with the EID-associated percentage changes in BW loss. Drinking according to the dictate of thirst was associated with an increase in TT performance compared with a rate of drinking below (+5.2 ± 4.6%, p=0.01) or above (+2.4 ± 5.0%, p=0.40) thirst. The probability that drinking to thirst confers a real and meaningful advantage on TT performances conducted under field conditions compared with a rate of drinking below and above thirst sensation is of the order of 98% and 62%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Compared with euhydration, EID (up to 4% BW loss) does not alter cycling performances during out-of-door exercise conditions; (2) exercise intensity and duration have a much greater impact on cycling TT performances than EID and; (3) relying on thirst sensation to gauge the need for fluid replacement maximises cycling TT performances.
OBJECTIVE: To use the meta-analytical procedures to determine the magnitude of the effect of exercise-induced dehydration (EID) upon time-trial (TT) exercise performance. METHODS: Studies were located via database searches and cross-referencing. TT performance outcomes were converted to mean percentage changes in power output. Random-effects model meta-regressions, analogue to the ANOVA and weighted mean effect summaries were used to delineate the effect of the EID-associated body weight (BW) loss on TT performance. RESULTS: Five research articles, all using cycling TTs, were included, producing 13 effect estimates and representing 39 subjects. The mean ambient temperature, relative humidity, exercise intensity and duration of the exercise trials were 26.0 ± 6.7°C, 61 ± 9%, 68 ± 14% of VO(2max) and 86 ± 34 min, respectively. The effect of EID (mean BW loss of 2.20 ± 1.0%) during self-paced exercise conditions was to produce a non-significant increase in endurance performance of 0.06 ± 2.72% (p=0.94), compared with the maintenance of euhydration (mean BW loss of 0.44 ± 0.48%). Meta-regression analyses revealed a statistically significant relationship between the percentage changes in power output and exercise intensity and duration, but not with the EID-associated percentage changes in BW loss. Drinking according to the dictate of thirst was associated with an increase in TT performance compared with a rate of drinking below (+5.2 ± 4.6%, p=0.01) or above (+2.4 ± 5.0%, p=0.40) thirst. The probability that drinking to thirst confers a real and meaningful advantage on TT performances conducted under field conditions compared with a rate of drinking below and above thirst sensation is of the order of 98% and 62%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Compared with euhydration, EID (up to 4% BW loss) does not alter cycling performances during out-of-door exercise conditions; (2) exercise intensity and duration have a much greater impact on cycling TT performances than EID and; (3) relying on thirst sensation to gauge the need for fluid replacement maximises cycling TT performances.
Authors: Tommy Dion; Félix A Savoie; Audrey Asselin; Carolanne Gariepy; Eric D B Goulet Journal: Eur J Appl Physiol Date: 2013-10-02 Impact factor: 3.078
Authors: Coen C W G Bongers; Thijs M H Eijsvogels; Jean Nyakayiru; Matthijs T W Veltmeijer; Dick H J Thijssen; Maria T E Hopman Journal: Age (Dordr) Date: 2014-11-19
Authors: Justin J Holland; Tina L Skinner; Christopher G Irwin; Michael D Leveritt; Eric D B Goulet Journal: Sports Med Date: 2017-11 Impact factor: 11.136
Authors: Chad M Kerksick; Colin D Wilborn; Michael D Roberts; Abbie Smith-Ryan; Susan M Kleiner; Ralf Jäger; Rick Collins; Mathew Cooke; Jaci N Davis; Elfego Galvan; Mike Greenwood; Lonnie M Lowery; Robert Wildman; Jose Antonio; Richard B Kreider Journal: J Int Soc Sports Nutr Date: 2018-08-01 Impact factor: 5.150
Authors: Lawrence E Armstrong; Evan C Johnson; Laura J Kunces; Matthew S Ganio; Daniel A Judelson; Brian R Kupchak; Jakob L Vingren; Colleen X Munoz; Robert A Huggins; Jay R Hydren; Nicole E Moyen; Keith H Williamson Journal: J Athl Train Date: 2014-08-06 Impact factor: 2.860